ReviewSeminars in immunopathology2010
Signals that influence T follicular helper cell differentiation and function.
Review in Seminars in immunopathology, 2010. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 64 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
64 citing papers in PubMed, 125 citations in OpenAlex.
- Cytokines Associated with Activation of CD4International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- The impact of growth hormone (GH) on immunosenescence: exploring the role of B and T cells.Pituitary · 2026Article
- The unique immune evasion mechanisms of the mpox virus and their implication for developing new vaccines and immunotherapies.Virologica Sinica · 2024Review
- Immune response induced by standard and fractional doses of 17DD yellow fever vaccine.NPJ vaccines · 2024Article
- Imbalance of Circulating Follicular Regulatory and Follicular Helper T Cell Subpopulations Is Associated with Disease Progression and Serum CYFRA 21-1 Levels in Patients with Non-small Cell Lung Cancer.Current medical science · 2024Article
- Cytokines in Follicular Helper T Cell Biology in Physiologic and Pathologic Conditions.Immune network · 2024Review
- Plasma proteomics analysis of Chinese HIV-1 infected individuals focusing on the immune and inflammatory factors afford insight into the viral control mechanism.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Delayed generation of functional virus-specific circulating T follicular helper cells correlates with severe COVID-19.Nature communications · 2023Article
- The roles of T cells in psoriasis.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Providing a Helping Hand: Metabolic Regulation of T Follicular Helper Cells and Their Association With Disease.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- History of IgA Nephropathy Mouse Models.Journal of clinical medicine · 2021Review
- Default polyfunctional T helper 1 response to ample signal 1 alone.Cellular & molecular immunology · 2021Article
- Lymphocytes and Trogocytosis-Mediated Signaling.Cells · 2021Review
- Functional differentiation and regulation of follicular T helper cells in inflammation and autoimmunity.Immunology · 2021Review
- The Role of T Follicular Helper Cells and Interleukin-21 in the Pathogenesis of Inflammatory Bowel Disease.Gastroenterology research and practice · 2021Review
- Article
- Friend retrovirus studies reveal complex interactions between intrinsic, innate and adaptive immunity.FEMS microbiology reviews · 2019Review
- Trogocytosis-Mediated Intracellular Signaling in CD4Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2019Article
- Dysfunctional peripheral T follicular helper cells dominate in people with impaired influenza vaccine responses: Results from the FLORAH study.PLoS biology · 2019Article
- The IL-12 Cytokine and Receptor Family in Graft-vs.-Host Disease.Frontiers in immunology · 2019Review
4 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Follicular helper T cells have recently emerged as a separate CD4(+) T helper lineage specialised in provision of help to B cells. They develop independently from Th1, Th2 and Th17 cells and are critical for humoral immunity, including the generation of long-lived and high affinity plasma cells and memory cells crucial for long-term protection against infections. A stepwise differentiation programme has emerged in which T cell receptor (TCR) signalling strength, CD28-mediated costimulation, B cell-derived inducible costimulator ligand signals, induction of c-maf and actions of cytokines, including interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-21, lead to upregulation of the transcriptional repressor B cell lymphoma 6 (Bcl-6) that drives T follicular helper (Tfh) cell differentiation. Bcl-6 turns on a repression programme that targets Blimp-1, transcriptional regulators of other helper lineages and microRNAs. Their concerted actions modulate expression of chemokine receptors, surface molecules and cytokines critical for follicular homing and B cell helper functions. Here, we review the nature of Tfh cells providing help to B cells during the two phases of B cell activation that occur in the outer T zone and, for some B cells, in germinal centres (GC). Recent insights into the signalling events that drive terminal differentiation of Tfh cells critical for selecting somatically mutated GC B cells and the consequences of Tfh dysregulation for immunodeficiency and autoimmune pathology are discussed.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.