ArticleKidney international2010
Standard Kt/Vurea: a method of calculation that includes effects of fluid removal and residual kidney clearance.
Article in Kidney international, 2010. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT03740048 (A Randomized Pilot Study of Hemodialysis Initiation Comparing Twice-Weekly Hemodialysis Plus Dialysis-Sparing Therapy Versus Thrice-Weekly Hemodialysis), which is not on this map. Cited by 43 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
A Randomized Pilot Study of Hemodialysis Initiation Comparing Twice-Weekly Hemodialysis Plus Dialysis-Sparing Therapy Versus Thrice-Weekly Hemodialysis (The TWOPLUS-HD Trial)
Who cites it
43 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Korean Society of Nephrology 2021 Clinical Practice Guideline for Optimal Hemodialysis Treatment.Kidney research and clinical practice · 2021Guideline
- Renal Association Clinical Practice Guideline on Haemodialysis.BMC nephrology · 2019Guideline
- Comparison of middle molecule removal with expanded hemodialysis versus haemodiafiltration among Chinese hemodialysis patients.Renal failure · 2025Trial
- Glycine increases fat-free mass in malnourished haemodialysis patients: a randomized double-blind crossover trial.Journal of cachexia, sarcopenia and muscle · 2021Trial
- Long term variation of serum levels of uremic toxins in patients treated by post-dilution high volume on-line hemodiafiltration in comparison to standard low-flux bicarbonate dialysis: results from the REDERT study.Journal of nephrology · 2017Trial
- The effects of frequent nocturnal home hemodialysis: the Frequent Hemodialysis Network Nocturnal Trial.Kidney international · 2011Trial
- In-center hemodialysis six times per week versus three times per week.The New England journal of medicine · 2010Trial
- Nutritional intake on dialysis and non-dialysis days and the effect of intradialytic food provision among hemodialysis patients, a single-center study.European journal of clinical nutrition · 2026Article
- The effect of comorbidity and frailty on dietary intake and protein losses in end-stage kidney disease patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Continuous beta-2 microglobulin-based clearance highlights superiority of high-Dose HDF over high-flux HD in predicting outcomes.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Article
- Apixaban dosing in hemodialysis - can drug level monitoring mitigate controversies?BMC nephrology · 2024Article
- Twice Weekly versus Thrice Weekly Hemodialysis-A Pilot Cross-Over Equivalence Trial.Clinical journal of the American Society of Nephrology : CJASN · 2024Article
- A practical approach to implementing incremental haemodialysis.Journal of nephrology · 2024Review
- The impact of dialysate flow rate on haemodialysis adequacy: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Clinical kidney journal · 2024Article
- Article
- Prescribing the dialysis dose and treatment frequency in home haemodialysis.Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association · 2024Article
- Low-Volume Home Haemodialysis and In-Centre Haemodialysis: Comparison of Dialysis Adequacy in Obese Individuals.Cureus · 2023Article
- Is there an association between the plasma levels of uremic toxins from gut microbiota and anemia in patients on hemodialysis?International urology and nephrology · 2022Article
- Chronic haemodialysis in infants and children less than 15 kg.Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany) · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Standard Kt/V(urea) (stdKt/V) is a hypothetical continuous clearance in patients treated with intermittent hemodialysis based on the generation rate of urea nitrogen and the average predialysis urea nitrogen. Previous equations to estimate stdKt/V were derived using a fixed-volume model. To determine the impact of fluid removal as well as residual urea clearance on stdKt/V, we modeled 245 hemodialysis sessions (including conventional 3/week, in-center 6/week, and at-home nocturnal 6/week) in 210 patients enrolled in the Frequent Hemodialysis Network Daily and Nocturnal clinical trials. To examine the role of fluid removal, modeled stdKt/V was compared to stdKt/V estimated from a previously published simplified equation. In a subgroup of 45 sessions with residual urea clearance over 1.5 ml/min, the contribution of residual urea clearance to stdKt/V was measured. For all dialysis schedules, the fixed-volume equation predicted stdKt/V well when both fluid removal and residual urea clearance were set to zero. When fluid removal was included, modeled stdKt/V was slightly underestimated for all three modes of hemodialysis. The shortfall correlated directly with weekly fluid removal and inversely with modeled urea volume. Modeled stdKt/V compressed residual urea clearance to about 70% of its measured value and the fractional downsizing significantly correlated inversely with treatment Kt/V. Our new equation predicted modeled stdKt/V with a high level of accuracy, even when substantial fluid removal and residual urea clearance were present.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.