ArticleJournal of virology2010
Expression of varicella-zoster virus immediate-early regulatory protein IE63 in neurons of latently infected human sensory ganglia.
Article in Journal of virology, 2010. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 43 citations in OpenAlex.
- Varicella-zoster virus-derived major histocompatibility complex class I-restricted peptide affinity is a determining factor in the HLA risk profile for the development of postherpetic neuralgia.Journal of virology · 2015Pooled it
- Biological relevance ofMicrobiology and molecular biology reviews : MMBR · 2025Review
- Immunogenicity of Varicella Zoster Virus DNA Vaccines Encoding Glycoprotein E and Immediate Early Protein 63 in Mice.Viruses · 2022Article
- ICP22/IE63 Mediated Transcriptional Regulation and Immune Evasion: Two Important Survival Strategies for Alphaherpesviruses.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Review
- Varicella-zoster virus VLT-ORF63 fusion transcript induces broad viral gene expression during reactivation from neuronal latency.Nature communications · 2020Article
- Insights into the pathogenesis of varicella viruses.Current clinical microbiology reports · 2019Article
- Molecular Aspects of Varicella-Zoster Virus Latency.Viruses · 2018Review
- Varicella-Zoster Virus ORF63 Protects Human Neuronal and Keratinocyte Cell Lines from Apoptosis and Changes Its Localization upon Apoptosis Induction.Journal of virology · 2018Article
- ORF7 of Varicella-Zoster Virus Is Required for Viral Cytoplasmic Envelopment in Differentiated Neuronal Cells.Journal of virology · 2017Article
- Varicella zoster virus infection.Nature reviews. Disease primers · 2015Review
- A comparison of herpes simplex virus type 1 and varicella-zoster virus latency and reactivation.The Journal of general virology · 2015Review
- Varicella Viruses Inhibit Interferon-Stimulated JAK-STAT Signaling through Multiple Mechanisms.PLoS pathogens · 2015Article
- Infected peripheral blood mononuclear cells transmit latent varicella zoster virus infection to the guinea pig enteric nervous system.Journal of neurovirology · 2014Article
- Analysis of T cell responses during active varicella-zoster virus reactivation in human ganglia.Journal of virology · 2014Article
- Influence of frequent infectious exposures on general and varicella-zoster virus-specific immune responses in pediatricians.Clinical and vaccine immunology : CVI · 2014Article
- Herpes simplex virus and varicella zoster virus, the house guests who never leave.Herpesviridae · 2012Article
- Immunohistochemical detection of intra-neuronal VZV proteins in snap-frozen human ganglia is confounded by antibodies directed against blood group A1-associated antigens.Journal of neurovirology · 2012Article
- Recombinant monoclonal antibody recognizes a unique epitope on varicella-zoster virus immediate-early 63 protein.Journal of virology · 2012Article
- Apparent expression of varicella-zoster virus proteins in latency resulting from reactivity of murine and rabbit antibodies with human blood group a determinants in sensory neurons.Journal of virology · 2012Article
- Varicella zoster virus-induced pain and post-herpetic neuralgia in the human host and in rodent animal models.Journal of neurovirology · 2011Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) causes varicella and establishes latency in sensory nerve ganglia, but the characteristics of VZV latency are not well defined. Immunohistochemical detection of the VZV immediate-early 63 (IE63) protein in ganglion neurons has been described, but there are significant discrepancies in estimates of the frequency of IE63-positive neurons, varying from a rare event to abundant expression. We examined IE63 expression in cadaver ganglia using a high-potency rabbit anti-IE63 antibody and corresponding preimmune serum. Using standard immunohistochemical techniques, we evaluated 10 ganglia that contained VZV DNA from seven individuals. These experiments showed that neuronal pigments were a confounding variable; however, by examining sections coded to prevent investigator bias and applying statistical analysis, we determined that IE63 protein, if present, is in a very small proportion of neurons (<2.8%). To refine estimates of IE63 protein abundance, we modified our protocol by incorporating a biological stain to exclude the pigment signal and evaluated 27 ganglia from 18 individuals. We identified IE63 protein in neurons within only one ganglion, in which VZV glycoprotein E and an immune cell infiltrate were also demonstrated. Antigen preservation was shown by detection of neuronal synaptophysin. These data provide evidence that the expression of IE63 protein, which has been referred to as a latency-associated protein, is rare. Refining estimates of VZV protein expression in neurons is important for developing a hypothesis about the mechanisms by which VZV latency may be maintained.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.