Trial reportCirculation. Heart failure2010
Hypokalemia and outcomes in patients with chronic heart failure and chronic kidney disease: findings from propensity-matched studies.
Trial report in Circulation. Heart failure, 2010. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 68 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
68 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 149 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Potassium levels and the risk of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality among patients with cardiovascular diseases: a meta-analysis of cohort studies.Nutrition journal · 2024Pooled it
- Pharmacological interventions for heart failure in people with chronic kidney disease.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2020Pooled it
- Cardiovascular disease risk factors in chronic kidney disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis.PloS one · 2018Pooled it
- The association between consistent licorice ingestion, hypertension and hypokalaemia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of human hypertension · 2017Pooled it
- Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Patiromer and Sodium Zirconium Cyclosilicate: A New Armamentarium for the Treatment of Hyperkalemia.Pharmacotherapy · 2017Pooled it
- Treatment-induced increase in total body potassium in patients at high risk of ventricular arrhythmias; a randomized POTCAST substudy.PloS one · 2023Trial
- Calcium, magnesium and potassium intake and mortality in women with heart failure: the Women's Health Initiative.The British journal of nutrition · 2013Trial
- Evaluation of the efficacy and safety of RLY5016, a polymeric potassium binder, in a double-blind, placebo-controlled study in patients with chronic heart failure (the PEARL-HF) trial.European heart journal · 2011Trial
- Chloride at the spotlight-but not alone: towards a multi-ionic diuretic strategy.Clinical kidney journal · 2026Review
- Development and validation of a machine learning-based risk prediction model for hyperkalemia in patients with chronic kidney disease.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Potassium and the kidney.Nature reviews. Nephrology · 2026Review
- Correction to: Hyperkalemia in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction: implications and management.Heart failure reviews · 2026Article
- Hyperkalemia in Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction: Implications and Management.Heart failure reviews · 2025Review
- Physiological and biochemical indicators in blood of captive yellow-cheeked gibbons and northern white-cheeked gibbons.BMC veterinary research · 2025Article
- Article
- Potassium management and heart failure: a nephrologist's perspective.Clinical kidney journal · 2025Article
- Risk of developing hyperkalemia in patients with hypertension treated with combination antihypertensive therapy - a retrospective register-based study.Hypertension research : official journal of the Japanese Society of Hypertension · 2025Article
- The Impact of Potassium Dynamics on Cardiomyocyte Beating in Hemodialysis Treatment.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- Impact of Abnormal Potassium on Arrhythmia Risk During Pediatric Digoxin Therapy.Pediatric cardiology · 2024Review
8 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors at 6 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundLittle is known about the effects of hypokalemia on outcomes in patients with chronic heart failure (HF) and chronic kidney disease. METHODS AND
resultsOf the 7788 patients with chronic HF in the Digitalis Investigation Group trial, 2793 had chronic kidney disease, defined as estimated glomerular filtration rate <60 mL/min per 1.73 m(2). Of these, 527 had hypokalemia (serum potassium <4 mEq/L; mild) and 2266 had normokalemia (4 to 4.9 mEq/L). Propensity scores for hypokalemia were used to assemble a balanced cohort of 522 pairs of patients with hypokalemia and normokalemia. All-cause mortality occurred in 48% and 36% of patients with hypokalemia and normokalemia, respectively, during 57 months of follow-up (matched hazard ratio when hypokalemia was compared with normokalemia, 1.56; 95% CI, 1.25 to 1.95; P<0.0001). Matched hazard ratios (95% CIs) for cardiovascular and HF mortalities and all-cause, cardiovascular, and HF hospitalizations were 1.65 (1.29 to 2.11; P<0.0001), 1.82 (1.28 to 2.57; P<0.0001), 1.16 (1.00 to 1.35; P=0.036), 1.27 (1.08 to 1.50; P=0.004), and 1.29 (1.05 to 1.58; P=0.014), respectively. Among 453 pairs of balanced patients with HF and chronic kidney disease, all-cause mortality occurred in 47% and 38% of patients with mild hypokalemia (3.5 to 3.9 mEq/L) and normokalemia, respectively (matched hazard ratio, 1.31; 95% CI, 1.03 to 1.66; P=0.027). Among 169 pairs of balanced patients with estimated glomerular filtration rate <45 mL/min per 1.73 m(2), all-cause mortality occurred in 57% and 47% of patients with hypokalemia (<4 mEq/L; mild) and normokalemia, respectively (matched hazard ratio, 1.53; 95% CI, 1.07 to 2.19; P=0.020).
conclusionsIn patients with HF and chronic kidney disease, hypokalemia (serum potassium <4 mEq/L) is common and associated with increased mortality and hospitalization.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.