ArticleThe Journal of infectious diseases2010
Pre-existing minority drug-resistant HIV-1 variants, adherence, and risk of antiretroviral treatment failure.
Article in The Journal of infectious diseases, 2010. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT00013520 (Phase III, Randomized, Double-Blind Comparison of Three Protease Inhibitor-Sparing Regimens for the Initial Treatment of HIV Infection), which is not on this map. Cited by 103 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Phase III, Randomized, Double-Blind Comparison of Three Protease Inhibitor-Sparing Regimens for the Initial Treatment of HIV Infection
Who cites it
103 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Low-Abundance Drug-Resistant HIV-1 Variants in Antiretroviral Drug-Naive Individuals: A Systematic Review of Detection Methods, Prevalence, and Clinical Impact.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2020Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Trial
- Trial
- Global HIV-1 transmitted drug resistance in the INSIGHT Strategic Timing of AntiRetroviral Treatment (START) trial.HIV medicine · 2015Trial
- Low-frequency nevirapine (NVP)-resistant HIV-1 variants are not associated with failure of antiretroviral therapy in women without prior exposure to single-dose NVP.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2014Trial
- Short-course Combivir after single-dose nevirapine reduces but does not eliminate the emergence of nevirapine resistance in women.Antiviral therapy · 2012Trial
- Trial
- Reappearance of minority K103N HIV-1 variants after interruption of ART initiated during primary HIV-1 infection.PloS one · 2011Trial
- HIV-1 integrase inhibitor resistance in viraemic-treated individuals and baseline capsid diversity relevant to future lenacapavir therapy.The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy · 2026Article
- Ultrasensitive single-genome sequencing reveals strong purifying selection in acute HIV-1 infection.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Ion Torrent Genexus as a Fast and Reliable Solution for HIV-1 Drug Resistance Testing: Comparison with the GeneStudio S5 Workflow.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- HIV-1 virome profiling using HIV-PULSE to guide therapeutic and curative interventions.EBioMedicine · 2026Article
- Article
- HIV-1 Drug Resistance Trends in the Era of Modern Antiretrovirals: 2018-2024.Open forum infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Antiretroviral therapy use, self-reported adherence, and viral suppression among women living with HIV in Canada.HIV medicine · 2025Article
- Design, Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of 3-Hydrazonoindolin-2-one Derivatives as Novel HIV-1 RNase H Inhibitors.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- "Outlaw" mutations in quasispecies of SARS-CoV-2 inhibit replication.Emerging microbes & infections · 2024Article
- Virulence and Replicative Fitness of HIV-1 Transmitted/Founder (T/F) Viruses Harbouring Drug Resistance-Associated Mutation.Viruses · 2024Article
- Article
43 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
13 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe clinical relevance of detecting minority drug-resistant human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) variants is uncertain.
methodsTo determine the effect of pre-existing minority nonnucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI)-resistant variants on the risk of virologic failure, we reanalyzed a case-cohort substudy of efavirenz recipients in AIDS Clinical Trials Group protocol A5095. Minority K103N or Y181C populations were determined by allele-specific polymerase chain reaction in subjects without NNRTI resistance by population sequencing. Weighted Cox proportional hazards models adjusted for recent treatment adherence estimated the relative risk of virologic failure in the presence of NNRTI-resistant minority variants.
resultsThe evaluable case-cohort sample included 195 subjects from the randomly selected subcohort (51 with virologic failure, 144 without virologic failure), plus 127 of the remaining subjects who experienced virologic failure. Presence of minority K103N or Y181C mutations, or both, was detected in 8 (4.4%), 54 (29.5%), and 11 (6%), respectively, of 183 evaluable subjects in the random subcohort. Detection of minority Y181C mutants was associated with an increased risk of virologic failure in the setting of recent treatment adherence (hazard ratio, 3.45 [95% confidence interval, 1.90-6.26]) but not in nonadherent subjects (hazard ratio, 1.39 [95% confidence interval, 0.58-3.29]). Of note, 70% of subjects with minority Y181C variants achieved long-term viral suppression.
conclusionsIn adherent patients, pre-existing minority Y181C mutants more than tripled the risk of virologic failure of first-line efavirenz-based antiretroviral therapy. CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRATION: NCT00013520.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.