ArticleThe Journal of experimental medicine2010
Attracting AID to targets of somatic hypermutation.
Article in The Journal of experimental medicine, 2010. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers.
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Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed, 53 citations in OpenAlex.
- Immunosenescence in systemic and multi-organ aging: mechanisms, inter-organ crosstalk, and translational opportunities.npj aging · 2026Review
- Interpretable deep learning reveals the role of an E-box motif in suppressing somatic hypermutation of AGCT motifs within human immunoglobulin variable regions.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Ig Enhancers Increase RNA Polymerase II Stalling at Somatic Hypermutation Target Sequences.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2022Article
- Helix-Loop-Helix Proteins in Adaptive Immune Development.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- Avidity optimization of a MAGE-A1-specific TCR with somatic hypermutation.European journal of immunology · 2021Article
- Transcription factor binding at Ig enhancers is linked to somatic hypermutation targeting.European journal of immunology · 2020Article
- Enhancers Improve the AID-Induced Hypermutation in Episomal Vector for Antibody Affinity Maturation in Mammalian Cell Display.Antibodies (Basel, Switzerland) · 2018Article
- Class-Switch Recombination in the Absence of the IgH 3' Regulatory Region.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2016Article
- Antibody diversification caused by disrupted mismatch repair and promiscuous DNA polymerases.DNA repair · 2016Review
- AID targeting: old mysteries and new challenges.Trends in immunology · 2015Review
- AID-initiated DNA lesions are differentially processed in distinct B cell populations.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2014Article
- Generation and repair of AID-initiated DNA lesions in B lymphocytes.Frontiers of medicine · 2014Review
- Targeting of somatic hypermutation by immunoglobulin enhancer and enhancer-like sequences.PLoS biology · 2014Article
- AID and Apobec3G haphazard deamination and mutational diversity.Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS · 2013Review
- A critical context-dependent role for E boxes in the targeting of somatic hypermutation.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2013Article
- Changes in RNA polymerase II progression influence somatic hypermutation of Ig-related genes by AID.The Journal of experimental medicine · 2013Article
- Multiple transcription factor binding sites predict AID targeting in non-Ig genes.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2013Article
- The role of activation-induced deaminase in antibody diversification and genomic instability.Immunologic research · 2013Review
- Activation-induced Cytidine Deaminase in B Cell Immunity and Cancers.Immune network · 2012Article
- Identification of core DNA elements that target somatic hypermutation.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2012Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The process of somatic hypermutation (SHM) of immunoglobulin (Ig) genes requires activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID). Although mistargeting of AID is detrimental to genome integrity, the mechanism and the cis-elements responsible for targeting of AID are largely unknown. We show that three CAGGTG cis-elements in the context of Ig enhancers are sufficient to target SHM to a nearby transcribed gene. The CAGGTG motif binds E47 in nuclear extracts of the mutating cells. Replacing CAGGTG with AAGGTG in the construct without any other E47 binding site eliminates SHM. The CA versus AA effect requires AID. CAGGTG does not enhance transcription, chromatin acetylation, or overall target gene activity. The other cis-elements of Ig enhancers alone cannot attract the SHM machinery. Collectively with other recent findings, we postulate that AID targets all genes expressed in mutating B cells that are associated with CAGGTG motifs in the appropriate context. Ig genes are the most highly mutated genes, presumably because of multiple CAGGTG motifs within the Ig genes, high transcription activity, and the presence of other cooperating elements in Ig enhancers.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.