ArticlePloS one2010
Llama single domain antibodies specific for the 7 botulinum neurotoxin serotypes as heptaplex immunoreagents.
Article in PloS one, 2010. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 33 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
33 citing papers in PubMed.
- Article
- A Novel Anti-BoNT/A Neutralizing Antibody Possessed Overlapped Epitope with SV2 and Had Prolonged Half-Life In Vivo.Toxins · 2025Article
- Recombinant expression of receptor binding domains of all eight subtypes of botulinum neurotoxin type A for generation of antitoxins with broad reactivity.F1000Research · 2025Article
- Nanobodies in the fight against infectious diseases: repurposing nature's tiny weapons.World journal of microbiology & biotechnology · 2024Review
- Article
- Developing Recombinant Antibodies by Phage Display Against Infectious Diseases and Toxins for Diagnostics and Therapy.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2021Review
- Structural Insights into Rational Design of Single-Domain Antibody-Based Antitoxins against Botulinum Neurotoxins.Cell reports · 2020Article
- Development and Characterization of Monoclonal Antibodies to Botulinum Neurotoxin Type E.Toxins · 2019Article
- Bioluminescence Resonance Energy Transfer as a Method to Study Protein-Protein Interactions: Application to G Protein Coupled Receptor Biology.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2019Review
- Selection, characterization, and thermal stabilization of llama single domain antibodies towards Ebola virus glycoprotein.Microbial cell factories · 2017Article
- The European AntibotABE Framework Program and Its Update: Development of Innovative Botulinum Antibodies.Toxins · 2017Review
- Pairing Alpaca and Llama-Derived Single Domain Antibodies to Enhance Immunoassays for Ricin.Antibodies (Basel, Switzerland) · 2017Article
- Article
- Recombinant antibodies for diagnostics and therapy against pathogens and toxins generated by phage display.Proteomics. Clinical applications · 2016Review
- Generation of Recombinant Antibodies Against Toxins and Viruses by Phage Display for Diagnostics and Therapy.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2016Review
- Enhanced production of a single domain antibody with an engineered stabilizing extra disulfide bond.Microbial cell factories · 2015Article
- Isolation of nanomolar scFvs of non-human primate origin, cross-neutralizing botulinum neurotoxins A1 and A2 by targeting their heavy chain.BMC biotechnology · 2015Article
- Botulinum neurotoxins: genetic, structural and mechanistic insights.Nature reviews. Microbiology · 2014Review
- Development and evaluation of single domain antibodies for vaccinia and the L1 antigen.PloS one · 2014Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThere are currently 7 known serotypes of botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) classified upon non-cross reactivity of neutralizing immunoglobulins. Non-neutralizing immunoglobulins, however, can exhibit cross-reactivities between 2 or more serotypes, particularly mosaic forms, which can hamper the development of highly specific immunoassays, especially if based on polyclonal antisera. Here we employ facile recombinant antibody technology to subtractively select ligands to each of the 7 BoNT serotypes, resulting in populations with very high specificity for their intended serotype. METHODS AND
findingsA single llama was immunized with a cocktail of 7 BoNT toxoids to generate a phage display library of single domain antibodies (sdAb, VHH or nanobodies) which were selected on live toxins. Resulting sdAb were capable of detecting both toxin and toxin complex with the best combinations able to detect 100s-10s of pg per 50 microL sample in a liquid bead array. The most sensitive sdAb were combined in a heptaplex assay to identify each of the BoNT serotypes in buffer and milk and to a lesser extent in carrot juice, orange juice and cola. Several anti-A(1) sdAb recognized A2 complex, showing that subtype cross-reactivity within a serotype was evident. Many of our sdAb could act as both captor and tracer for several toxin and toxin complexes suggesting sdAb can be used as architectural probes to indicate BoNT oligomerisation. Six of 14 anti-A clones exhibited inhibition of SNAP-25 cleavage in the neuro-2A assay indicating some sdAb had toxin neutralizing capabilities. Many sdAb were also shown to be refoldable after exposure to high temperatures in contrast to polyclonal antisera, as monitored by circular dichroism.
conclusionsOur panel of molecularly flexible antibodies should not only serve as a good starting point for ruggedizing assays and inhibitors, but enable the intricate architectures of BoNT toxins and complexes to be probed more extensively.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.