Evidence map›Paper›PMID 20097399›Full record

ArticleVirology2010

Evidence for ribosomal frameshifting and a novel overlapping gene in the genomes of insect-specific flaviviruses.

Andrew E Firth, Bradley J Blitvich, Norma M Wills, Cathy L Miller, John F Atkins

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Virology, 2010. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 50 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
50citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
5.2field-weighted citation impact, top 5% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

50 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 70 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Article
  3. Amarilloviruses of Aquatic Animals.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026
    Review
  4. Review
  5. Cellular Biology: Virus-Host Interactions and RNA Structure and Function.Current topics in microbiology and immunology · 2026
    Review
  6. Review
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Review
  11. A Novel Virus ofmSystems · 2021
    Article
  12. Review
  13. Review
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.

Andrew E FirthBioSciences Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland. Electronic address: a.firth@ucc.ie.
Bradley J BlitvichDepartment of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA. Electronic address: blitvich@iastate.edu.
Norma M WillsDepartment of Human Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112-5330, USA. Electronic address: nwills@genetics.utah.edu.
Cathy L MillerDepartment of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA. Electronic address: clm@iastate.edu.
John F AtkinsBioSciences Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112-5330, USA. Electronic address: j.atkins@ucc.ie.
Iowa State University · USUniversity of Utah · USUniversity College Cork · IE

Funding

The range of recoding and analysis of a 50 nt bypass to probe ribosomal functionR01GM079523 · NIGMS · UNIVERSITY OF UTAH · PI ATKINS, JOHN F. · 2007 to 2010
$1.3M
Genotypic and Phenotypic Analysis of West Nile virus, Yucatan Peninsula of MexicoR21AI067281 · NIAID · IOWA STATE UNIVERSITY · PI BLITVICH, BRADLEY J · 2007 to 2008
$372k
NIAID NIH HHS 5R21AI067281-02NIAID NIH HHS R21 AI067281NIGMS NIH HHS R01 GM079523
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Flaviviruses have a positive-sense, single-stranded RNA genome of approximately 11 kb, encoding a large polyprotein that is cleaved to produce approximately 10 mature proteins. Cell fusing agent virus, Kamiti River virus, Culex flavivirus and several recently discovered flaviviruses have no known vertebrate host and apparently infect only insects. We present compelling bioinformatic evidence for a 253-295 codon overlapping gene (designated fifo) conserved throughout these insect-specific flaviviruses and immunofluorescent detection of its product. Fifo overlaps the NS2A/NS2B coding sequence in the -1/+2 reading frame and is most likely expressed as a trans-frame fusion protein via ribosomal frameshifting at a conserved GGAUUUY slippery heptanucleotide with 3'-adjacent RNA secondary structure (which stimulates efficient frameshifting in vitro). The discovery bears striking parallels to the recently discovered ribosomal frameshifting site in the NS2A coding sequence of the Japanese encephalitis serogroup of flaviviruses and suggests that programmed ribosomal frameshifting may be more widespread in flaviviruses than currently realized.

Indexed as

AedesAmino Acid SequenceAnimalsBase SequenceChromosome MappingCodonConserved SequenceCulexFlavivirusFrameshifting, RibosomalGenes, OverlappingGenome, ViralNucleic Acid ConformationOpen Reading FramesPhylogenySequence AlignmentCodonViral Proteins

Identifiers

PMID20097399
PMCPMC2830293
OpenAlexW2016064406

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.