ReviewJournal of pharmacological and toxicological methods
Validating and troubleshooting ocular in vitro toxicology tests.
Review in Journal of pharmacological and toxicological methods. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed.
- Development and clinical study of a self-dissolving microneedle patch for transcutaneous immunization device.Pharmaceutical research · 2013Trial
- Propolis-Loaded Niosomes for Dermopharmaceutic and Cosmetic Applications: Development, Stability, Safety, andACS pharmacology & translational science · 2025Article
- Machine Learning for Toxicity Prediction Using Chemical Structures: Pillars for Success in the Real World.Chemical research in toxicology · 2025Review
- Prolonged Release Niosomes For Ocular Delivery of Loteprednol: Ocular Distribution Assessment on Dry Eye Disease Induced Rabbit Model.AAPS PharmSciTech · 2024Article
- Toxic External Exposure Leading to Ocular Surface Injury.Vision (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Gellan gum-based in situ gelling ophthalmic nanosuspension of Posaconazole.Drug delivery and translational research · 2022Article
- Looking into the Eyes-In Vitro Models for Ocular Research.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Dynamic Contrast Microscopic Optical Coherence Tomography As a Novel Method for Assessing Corneal Epithelium During Exposure to Benzalkonium Chloride.Translational vision science & technology · 2022Article
- In vitro reconstructed 3D corneal tissue models for ocular toxicology and ophthalmic drug development.In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Animal · 2021Review
- Role of In Vitro Models for Development of Ophthalmic Delivery Systems.Critical reviews in therapeutic drug carrier systems · 2021Review
- Angiogenesis in the Avian Embryo Chorioallantoic Membrane: A Perspective on Research Trends and a Case Study on Toxicant Vascular Effects.Journal of cardiovascular development and disease · 2020Review
- Investigating the ocular toxicity potential and therapeutic efficiency ofToxicology research · 2020Article
- Recent Advances in the Design of Topical Ophthalmic Delivery Systems in the Treatment of Ocular Surface Inflammation and Their Biopharmaceutical Evaluation.Pharmaceutics · 2020Review
- Human corneal cell culture models for drug toxicity studies.Drug delivery and translational research · 2016Review
- In Vitro Cell Models for Ophthalmic Drug Development Applications.BioResearch open access · 2016Review
- Sensory irritation as a basis for setting occupational exposure limits.Archives of toxicology · 2014Review
- The chicken chorioallantoic membrane model in biology, medicine and bioengineering.Angiogenesis · 2014Review
- Preliminary studies on validation of calu-3 cell line as a model for screening respiratory mucosa irritation and toxicity.Pharmaceutics · 2014Article
- Article
- Cultivation of human microvascular endothelial cells on topographical substrates to mimic the human corneal endothelium.Journal of functional biomaterials · 2013Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author.
Funding
Abstract
In vitro organotypic models for testing ocular irritants have warranted sufficient interest as methods to replace in vivo ocular testing. The in vitro organotypic models claim to maintain short-term normal physiological and biochemical functions of the mammalian cornea in an isolated system. In these test methods, damage by the test substance is assessed by quantitative measurements of changes in corneal opacity and permeability using opacitometry and spectrophotometry, respectively. Both measurements are used quantitatively for irritancy classification for prediction of the in vivo ocular irritation potential of a test substance. Examples of organotypic models that incorporate these criteria include: the bovine corneal opacity and permeability (BCOP) assay, the isolated chicken eye (ICE) test method and the isolated rabbit eye (IRE) assay. A fourth method, the hen's egg test-chorioallantoic membrane (HET-CAM) assay, differs in the evaluation criteria but is also normally included among this class of in vitro protocols. Each of these protocols is discussed in detail as representative candidate in vitro methods for assessing ocular irritation and corrosion. The methodologies, protocol details, applications, and their validation status are discussed. A brief historical perspective of the development of original in vitro ocular testing models is also mentioned. More importantly, improving and troubleshooting the current techniques, in order to present the models as stand-alone in vitro tools for ocular toxicity assessment, is emphasized.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.