ArticleScience (New York, N.Y.)2010
Repulsion of superinfecting virions: a mechanism for rapid virus spread.
Article in Science (New York, N.Y.), 2010. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 136 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
136 citing papers in PubMed.
- Therapeutic Poxviruses Induce the Secretion of Immunostimulating and Anti-Tumoral Extracellular Vesicles.Journal of extracellular vesicles · 2026Article
- Mammalian innate antiviral defenses: beyond interferon.Journal of virology · 2025Review
- Article
- Induction of tunnelling nanotube-like structures by influenza A viruses requires the onset of apoptosis.PLoS pathogens · 2025Article
- Poxvirus structural biology for application to vaccine design.Trends in immunology · 2025Review
- A digital photography dataset for Vaccinia Virus plaque quantification using Deep Learning.Scientific data · 2025Article
- Temporal expression classes and functions of vaccinia virus and mpox (monkeypox) virus genes.mBio · 2025Review
- Article
- MPXV: Update on Morphological and Morphogenesis Aspects Through Transmission and Scanning Electron Microscopies and 3D Reconstruction.Journal of medical virology · 2025Article
- Giant viruses inhibit superinfection by downregulating phagocytosis inJournal of virology · 2024Article
- Pushing boundaries: mechanisms enabling bacterial pathogens to spread between cells.Infection and immunity · 2024Review
- Review
- Unearthing the role of septins in viral infections.Bioscience reports · 2024Review
- Cardiac glycosides inhibit early and late vaccinia virus protein expression.The Journal of general virology · 2024Article
- Whole genome sequencing of recombinant viruses obtained from co-infection and superinfection of Vero cells with modified vaccinia virus ankara vectored influenza vaccine and a naturally occurring cowpox virus.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Improved oncolytic activity of a reovirus mutant that displays enhanced virus spread due to reduced cell attachment.Molecular therapy oncolytics · 2023Article
- The amount of Nck rather than N-WASP correlates with the rate of actin-based motility of Vaccinia virus.Microbiology spectrum · 2023Article
- Open questions in the social lives of viruses.Journal of evolutionary biology · 2023Review
- Patch formation driven by stochastic effects of interaction between viruses and defective interfering particles.PLoS computational biology · 2023Article
- Preclinical and clinical trials of oncolytic vaccinia virus in cancer immunotherapy: a comprehensive review.Cancer biology & medicine · 2023Review
76 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Viruses are thought to spread across susceptible cells through an iterative process of infection, replication, and release, so that the rate of spread is limited by replication kinetics. Here, we show that vaccinia virus spreads across one cell every 75 minutes, fourfold faster than its replication cycle would permit. To explain this phenomenon, we found that newly infected cells express two surface proteins that mark cells as infected and, via exploitation of cellular machinery, induce the repulsion of superinfecting virions away toward uninfected cells. Mechanistically, early expression of proteins A33 and A36 was critical for virion repulsion and rapid spread, and cells expressing these proteins repelled exogenous virions rapidly. Additional spreading mechanisms may exist for other viruses that also spread faster than predicted by replication kinetics.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.