ArticleGlia2010
NOD2 mediates inflammatory responses of primary murine glia to Streptococcus pneumoniae.
Article in Glia, 2010. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 48 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
48 citing papers in PubMed, 76 citations in OpenAlex.
- NOD2 activation reprograms infiltrating inflammatory monocytes in the Zika virus infected CNS to maintain neural correlates of learning and memory.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Article
- Convergence of sepsis-associated encephalopathy pathogenesis onto microglia.Journal of translational medicine · 2025Review
- Review
- Acute organ injury and long-term sequelae of severe pneumococcal infections.Pneumonia (Nathan Qld.) · 2023Review
- Host immune responses in the central nervous system during fungal infections.Immunological reviews · 2022Review
- Neuroprotective effects of CysLTR antagonist onExperimental and therapeutic medicine · 2022Article
- Deciphering Genetic Susceptibility to Tuberculous Meningitis.Frontiers in neurology · 2022Article
- Transcriptomic analysis of human brain microvascular endothelial cells exposed to laminin binding protein (adhesion lipoprotein) and Streptococcus pneumoniae.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Neuronal Damage and Neuroinflammation, a Bridge Between Bacterial Meningitis and Neurodegenerative Diseases.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2021Article
- Retinoic acid inducible gene-I mediated detection of bacterial nucleic acids in human microglial cells.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2020Article
- Phenotypic Differences in Primary Murine Microglia Treated with NOD1, NOD2, and NOD1/2 Agonists.Journal of molecular neuroscience : MN · 2020Article
- Toll-Like Receptor 2-Mediated Autophagy Promotes Microglial Cell Death by Modulating the Microglial M1/M2 Phenotype.Inflammation · 2020Article
- Cytosolic DNA Sensors and CNS Responses to Viral Pathogens.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2020Review
- Mini-Review: Bioactivities of Bacterial Cell Envelopes in the Central Nervous System.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2020Review
- Selective Loss of Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Exacerbates Brain Injury by Enhancing Neuroinflammation in ExperimentalFrontiers in immunology · 2020Article
- Acute Bacterial Meningitis: Challenges to Better Antibiotic Therapy.ACS infectious diseases · 2019Article
- Murine astrocytes are responsive to the pro-inflammatory effects of IL-20.Neuroscience letters · 2019Article
- Immunity Against Bacterial Infection of the Central Nervous System: An Astrocyte Perspective.Frontiers in molecular neuroscience · 2019Review
- The Role of Microglia in Bacterial Meningitis: Inflammatory Response, Experimental Models and New Neuroprotective Therapeutic Strategies.Frontiers in microbiology · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
It is now widely accepted that resident central nervous system (CNS) cells such as microglia and astrocytes initiate and/or augment inflammation following trauma or infection. However, the mechanisms by which glial cells perceive microbial challenges are only now becoming apparent. We have recently demonstrated that microglia and astrocytes constitutively express nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-2 (NOD2), a member of the novel nucleotide-binding domain leucine-rich repeat region-containing family of proteins (NLR) that functions as an intracellular receptor for a minimal motif present in all bacterial peptidoglycans. Furthermore, we have shown that this NLR is essential for glial responses to gram-negative pathogens and in vivo CNS inflammation elicited by these organisms. In the present study, we have established that intact Streptococcus pneumoniae, the major causative agent for gram-positive bacterial meningitis in adults, is a potent stimulus for the activation of the pivotal inflammatory transcription factor NF-kB and production of inflammatory cytokines in primary murine microglia and astrocytes. We demonstrate that NOD2 is essential for the maximal responses of these cells to intact S. pneumoniae but not cellular lysates. Finally, we have shown that this cytosolic pattern recognition receptor is required for the elevated inflammatory mediator levels, astrogliosis, and demyelination, following in vivo administration of this gram-positive CNS pathogen. As such, we suggest that NOD2 plays a critical role in the establishment of the lethal inflammation associated with streptococcal meningitis.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.