ArticleCancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology2010
Long-term postmenopausal hormone therapy and endometrial cancer.
Article in Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology, 2010. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 68 citations in OpenAlex.
- Hormone replacement therapy in BRCA mutation carriers and risk of ovarian, endometrial, and breast cancer: a systematic review.Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology · 2021Pooled it
- Continuous Combined Estrogen Plus Progestin and Endometrial Cancer: The Women's Health Initiative Randomized Trial.Journal of the National Cancer Institute · 2016Trial
- Dairy products consumption linked to decreased risk of endometrial cancer: A case-control study.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Hypertension and Risk of Endometrial Cancer: A Pooled Analysis in the Epidemiology of Endometrial Cancer Consortium (E2C2).Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology · 2024Article
- Endometrial Cancer. Guideline of the DGGG, DKG and DKH (S3-Level, AWMF Registry Number 032/034-OL, September 2022). Part 1 with Recommendations on the Epidemiology, Screening, Diagnosis and Hereditary Factors of Endometrial Cancer, Geriatric Assessment and Supply Structures.Geburtshilfe und Frauenheilkunde · 2023Article
- Jin-Tian-Ge ameliorates ovariectomy-induced bone loss in rats and modulates osteoblastogenesis and osteoclastogenesis in vitro.Chinese medicine · 2022Article
- Chronotype and risk of post-menopausal endometrial cancer in the California Teachers Study.Chronobiology international · 2021Article
- Article
- Association Between Hormone Replacement Therapy and Development of Endometrial Cancer: Results From a Prospective US Cohort Study.Frontiers in medicine · 2021Article
- Peri- and postmenopause-diagnosis and interventions interdisciplinary S3 guideline of the association of the scientific medical societies in Germany (AWMF 015/062): short version.Archives of gynecology and obstetrics · 2020Article
- Review
- Aspirin associated with a decreased incidence of uterine cancer: A retrospective population-based cohort study.Medicine · 2020Observational
- Interdisciplinary Diagnosis, Therapy and Follow-up of Patients with Endometrial Cancer. Guideline (S3-Level, AWMF Registry Nummer 032/034-OL, April 2018) - Part 1 with Recommendations on the Epidemiology, Screening, Diagnosis and Hereditary Factors of Endometrial Cancer.Geburtshilfe und Frauenheilkunde · 2018Article
- Cancer Progress and Priorities: Uterine Cancer.Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology · 2018Article
- Exogenous Hormone Use and Endometrial Cancer in U.S. Black Women.Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology · 2018Article
- Novel endocrine therapeutic strategy in endometrial carcinoma targeting estrogen-related receptor α by XCT790 and siRNA.Cancer management and research · 2018Article
- Body size over the life-course and the risk of endometrial cancer: the California Teachers Study.Cancer causes & control : CCC · 2016Article
- Cancers in Australia in 2010 attributable to and prevented by the use of menopausal hormone therapy.Australian and New Zealand journal of public health · 2015Article
- Article
- Menopausal hormone therapy and risk of endometrial cancer.The Journal of steroid biochemistry and molecular biology · 2014Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Estrogen-alone therapy (ET) or estrogen and progestin (EPT) as menopausal hormone therapy (HT) has been commonly used to alleviate menopausal symptoms. Treatments containing > or = 10 days per month of progestin are considered relatively safe with respect to endometrial cancer risk. However, the endometrial safety of long-term EPT regimens is uncertain. We conducted a case-control study of 311 invasive endometrial cancer cases and 570 controls nested within the California Teachers Study cohort. We used unconditional logistic regression to obtain odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) for the association between long-term HT use and endometrial cancer risk, and to assess the modifying effect of body mass index (BMI). Long-term (> or = 10 years) use of ET, sequential EPT with <10 days per month progestin, and continuous-combined EPT (> or = 25 days/month progestin) were all associated with an elevated risk of endometrial cancer (OR, 4.5; 95% CI, 2.5-8.1; OR, 4.4; 95% CI, 1.7-11.2; and OR, 2.1; 95% CI, 1.3-3.3, respectively; all P(trend) < 0.001). The risk associated with short-term use was elevated only for ET preparations. The association for continuous-combined EPT was confined to thinner women (BMI, <25 kg/m2; P(interaction) = 0.03). Among heavier women (BMI, > or = 25 kg/m2), use of continuous-combined EPT was associated with a statistically nonsignificant reduction in risk. These findings confirm that long-term use of ET, sequential EPT, or, among normal weight women, continuous-combined EPT is associated with increased risk of endometrial cancer.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.