ArticleBiophysical journal2010
Force generation and dynamics of individual cilia under external loading.
Article in Biophysical journal, 2010. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 37 papers.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
37 citing papers in PubMed.
- Pathogenic Bordetella Bacteria Exploit Axonemal Microtubules to Penetrate the Ciliary Barrier.Cytoskeleton (Hoboken, N.J.) · 2026Article
- Article
- Cilia-driven epithelial folding and unfolding in an early diverging animal.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- Form and function in biological filaments: a physicist's review.Philosophical transactions. Series A, Mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences · 2025Review
- A light-fueled self-oscillator that senses force.Communications materials · 2025Article
- Fallopian tube rheology regulates epithelial cell differentiation and function to enhance cilia formation and coordination.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Single-molecule force stability of the SARS-CoV-2-ACE2 interface in variants-of-concern.Nature nanotechnology · 2024Article
- Surface Cross-Linking by Macromolecular Tethers Enhances Virus-like Particles' Resilience to Mucosal Stress Factors.ACS nano · 2024Article
- Breathing on chip: Dynamic flow and stretch accelerate mucociliary maturation of airway epitheliumMaterials today. Bio · 2023Article
- Mouth breathing, dry air, and low water permeation promote inflammation, and activate neural pathways, by osmotic stresses acting on airway lining mucus.QRB discovery · 2023Article
- Physiology and pathophysiology of human airway mucus.Physiological reviews · 2022Review
- Cell shape controls rheotaxis in small parasitic bacteria.PLoS pathogens · 2022Article
- OCT particle tracking velocimetry of biofluids in a microparallel plate strain induction chamber.Journal of biomedical optics · 2021Article
- Quantitative Assessment of Ciliary Ultrastructure with the Use of Automatic Analysis: PCD Quant.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Induction of ciliary orientation by matrix patterning and characterization of mucociliary transport.Biophysical journal · 2021Article
- First contact: the role of respiratory cilia in host-pathogen interactions in the airways.American journal of physiology. Lung cellular and molecular physiology · 2020Review
- Article
- Review
- How Does Cilium Length Affect Beating?Biophysical journal · 2019Article
- Buffer drains and mucus is transported upward in a tilted mucus clearance assay.American journal of physiology. Lung cellular and molecular physiology · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Motile cilia are unique multimotor systems that display coordination and periodicity while imparting forces to biological fluids. They play important roles in normal physiology, and ciliopathies are implicated in a growing number of human diseases. In this work we measure the response of individual human airway cilia to calibrated forces transmitted via spot-labeled magnetic microbeads. Cilia respond to applied forces by 1), a reduction in beat amplitude (up to an 85% reduction by 160-170 pN of force); 2), a decreased tip velocity proportionate to applied force; and 3), no significant change in beat frequency. Tip velocity reduction occurred in each beat direction, independently of the direction of applied force, indicating that the cilium is "driven" in both directions at all times. By applying a quasistatic force model, we deduce that axoneme stiffness is dominated by the rigidity of the microtubules, and that cilia can exert 62 +/- 18 pN of force at the tip via the generation of 5.6 +/- 1.6 pN/dynein head.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.