ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2009
Iron fortification of rice seeds through activation of the nicotianamine synthase gene.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 129 papers.
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Who cites it
129 citing papers in PubMed, 345 citations in OpenAlex.
- CRISPR/Cas-based genome editing for enhancing grain quality traits in rice (Plant signaling & behavior · 2026Review
- Analysis of the TaNAS gene family in bread wheat identifies additional members and candidates for intragenic biofortification.Journal of experimental botany · 2026Article
- Accelerating iron biofortification in millets: progress, challenges, and future prospects.Planta · 2026Review
- Reconfiguring biofortification strategies to transform food systems and address micronutrient deficiency of the 21st century.Journal of integrative plant biology · 2026Review
- Review
- Deciphering the Boron Toxicity Tolerance Mechanisms ofLife (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Expanding Iron Acquisition in Maize: Root Sector-Specific Responses and Gibberellin Regulation of Ferric and Ferrous Iron Uptake.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Activation of OsOxO2 by T-DNA Insertion Affects Plant Height and Leaf Angle in Rice.Rice (New York, N.Y.) · 2026Article
- Hit me with your best shot: combining gene editing events to deliver iron and zinc biofortified rice.Frontiers in plant science · 2026Review
- Identification of the Nicotianamine synthase (NAS) gene family in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and the role of its member TaNAS4-A in Zn and Fe transport.Functional & integrative genomics · 2025Article
- Toward Nutrient-Rich Rice: Biofortification through Mineral Accumulation and Low Phytic Acid Content.Journal of agricultural and food chemistry · 2025Article
- Genome-wide association study of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) unveils novel loci governing root-to-seed zinc allocation.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Engineering of nicotianamine synthesis enhances cadmium mobility in plants and results in higher seed cadmium concentrations.The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology · 2025Article
- Structural determination of mugineic acid, an iron(III)-chelating substance secreted from graminaceous plants for efficient iron uptake.Proceedings of the Japan Academy. Series B, Physical and biological sciences · 2025Review
- Functional nutritional rice: current progresses and future prospects.Frontiers in plant science · 2024Review
- Mineral nutrients in plants under changing environments: A road to future food and nutrition security.The plant genome · 2023Review
- Nicotianamine: A Key Player in Metal Homeostasis and Hyperaccumulation in Plants.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Concomitant Activation ofInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Fast X-ray fluorescence microscopy provides high-throughput phenotyping of element distribution in seeds.Plant physiology · 2023Article
- Unraveling the genetics underlying micronutrient signatures of diversity panel present in brown rice through genome-ionome linkages.The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology · 2023Article
69 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
The most widespread dietary problem in the world is mineral deficiency. We used the nicotianamine synthase (NAS) gene to increase mineral contents in rice grains. Nicotianamine (NA) is a chelator of metals and a key component of metal homeostasis. We isolated activation-tagged mutant lines in which expression of a rice NAS gene, OsNAS3, was increased by introducing 35S enhancer elements. Shoots and roots of the OsNAS3 activation-tagged plants (OsNAS3-D1) accumulated more Fe and Zn. Seeds from our OsNAS3-D1 plants grown on a paddy field contained elevated amounts of Fe (2.9-fold), Zn (2.2-fold), and Cu (1.7-fold). The NA level was increased 9.6-fold in OsNAS3-D1 seeds. Analysis by size exclusion chromatography coupled with inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy showed that WT and OsNAS3-D1 seeds contained equal amounts of Fe bound to IP6, whereas OsNAS3-D1 had 7-fold more Fe bound to a low molecular mass, which was likely NA. Furthermore, this activation led to increased tolerance to Fe and Zn deficiencies and to excess metal (Zn, Cu, and Ni) toxicities. In contrast, disruption of OsNAS3 caused an opposite phenotype. To test the bioavailability of Fe, we fed anemic mice with either engineered or WT seeds for 4 weeks and measured their concentrations of hemoglobin and hematocrit. Mice fed with engineered seeds recovered to normal levels of hemoglobin and hematocrit within 2 weeks, whereas those that ate WT seeds remained anemic. Our results suggest that an increase in bioavailable mineral content in rice grains can be achieved by enhancing NAS expression.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.