ArticleEMBO reports2010
Regulation of antigen-receptor gene assembly in hagfish.
Article in EMBO reports, 2010. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed.
- An invariant VLR-like receptor refines the T-like cell framework in lamprey.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Variable lymphocyte receptor F is generated via somatic diversification and expressed by lamprey T-like cells.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Evolution of two distinct variable lymphocyte receptors in lampreys: VLRD and VLRE.Cell reports · 2023Article
- The immune system of jawless vertebrates: insights into the prototype of the adaptive immune system.Immunogenetics · 2021Review
- Characterization of Lamprey BAFF-like Gene: Evolutionary Implications.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2016Article
- Crystal structure of the lamprey variable lymphocyte receptor C reveals an unusual feature in its N-terminal capping module.PloS one · 2014Article
- Chronic lymphocytic leukemia monitoring with a Lamprey idiotope-specific antibody.Cancer immunology research · 2013Article
- Definition of a third VLR gene in hagfish.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2013Article
- Lamprey immunity is far from primitive.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2013Article
- A major allogenic leukocyte antigen in the agnathan hagfish.Scientific reports · 2013Article
- Immune related genes underpin the evolution of adaptive immunity in jawless vertebrates.Current genomics · 2012Article
- Innate immune complexity in the purple sea urchin: diversity of the sp185/333 system.Frontiers in immunology · 2012Article
- VLR-based adaptive immunity.Annual review of immunology · 2012Review
- Design principles of adaptive immune systems.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2011Review
- The invention of lymphocytes.Current opinion in immunology · 2011Review
- A thymus candidate in lampreys.Nature · 2011Article
- Identification of a third variable lymphocyte receptor in the lamprey.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2010Article
- The origins of vertebrate adaptive immunity.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2010Review
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Variable lymphocyte receptors (VLRs) are antigen receptors in the jawless vertebrates lamprey and hagfish. VLR genes are classified into VLRA and VLRB, and lymphocytes expressing VLRA are T-cell-like, whereas those expressing VLRB are B-cell-like in the sea lamprey. Diverse VLR genes are assembled somatically in lymphocytes; however, how the assembly is regulated is still largely unknown. Here, we analyse VLR gene assembly at the single-cell level in the inshore hagfish (Eptatretus burgeri). Each lymphocyte assembles and transcribes only one type of VLR gene, either VLRA or VLRB. In general, monoallelic assembly of VLR was observed, but diallelic assembly was found in some cases--in many of which, one allele was functional and the other was defective. In fact, all VLR-assembled lymphocytes contained at least one functional VLR gene. Together, these results indicate a feedback inhibition of VLR assembly and selection of VLR-positive lymphocytes.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.