ArticleProtein science : a publication of the Protein Society2010
Comprehensive modeling and functional analysis of Toll-like receptor ligand-recognition domains.
Article in Protein science : a publication of the Protein Society, 2010. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 24 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Role of TLR2/TLR4 Receptors in Host Genetic Susceptibility to Recurrent Vulvovaginitis.Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Unconventional posttranslational modification in innate immunity.Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS · 2024Review
- A Clinical Trial of Entolimod a TLR-5 Adjuvant for Vaccines Using Diphtheria or Tetanus as Carrier Proteins.Vaccines · 2022Article
- Cyprinid-specific duplicated membrane TLR5 senses dsRNA as functional homodimeric receptors.EMBO reports · 2022Article
- Protein evolution of Toll-like receptors 4, 5 and 7 within Galloanserae birds.Genetics, selection, evolution : GSE · 2014Article
- RNA and imidazoquinolines are sensed by distinct TLR7/8 ectodomain sites resulting in functionally disparate signaling events.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2014Article
- Homology modeling and structural comparison of leucine rich repeats of Toll like receptors 1-10 of ruminants.Journal of molecular modeling · 2013Article
- Heterozygous carriage of a dysfunctional Toll-like receptor 9 allele affects CpG oligonucleotide responses in B cells.The Journal of biological chemistry · 2012Article
- Two human MYD88 variants, S34Y and R98C, interfere with MyD88-IRAK4-myddosome assembly.The Journal of biological chemistry · 2011Article
- Article
- Similar Structures but Different Roles - An Updated Perspective on TLR Structures.Frontiers in physiology · 2011Article
- Article
- A naturally occurring variant in human TLR9, P99L, is associated with loss of CpG oligonucleotide responsiveness.The Journal of biological chemistry · 2010Article
- Systems biology approaches to toll-like receptor signaling.Wiley interdisciplinary reviews. Systems biology and medicineArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are innate immune pattern-recognition receptors endowed with the capacity to detect microbial pathogens based on pathogen-associated molecular patterns. The understanding of the molecular principles of ligand recognition by TLRs has been greatly accelerated by recent structural information, in particular the crystal structures of leucine-rich repeat-containing ectodomains of TLR2, 3, and 4 in complex with their cognate ligands. Unfortunately, for other family members such as TLR7, 8, and 9, no experimental structural information is currently available. Methods such as X-ray crystallography or nuclear magnetic resonance are not applicable to all proteins. Homology modeling in combination with molecular dynamics may provide a straightforward yet powerful alternative to obtain structural information in the absence of experimental (structural) data, provided that the generated three-dimensional models adequately approximate what is found in nature. Here, we report the development of modeling procedures tailored to the structural analysis of the extracellular domains of TLRs. We comprehensively compared secondary structure, torsion angles, accessibility for glycosylation, surface charge, and solvent accessibility between published crystal structures and independently built TLR2, 3, and 4 homology models. Finding that models and crystal structures were in good agreement, we extended our modeling approach to the remaining members of the TLR family from human and mouse, including TLR7, 8, and 9.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.