ArticlePLoS pathogens2010
Characterization of the oral fungal microbiome (mycobiome) in healthy individuals.
Article in PLoS pathogens, 2010. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 574 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
574 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Efficacy of probiotics in the management of oral candidiasis: an umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses.Systematic reviews · 2026Pooled it
- Meta-analysis of caries microbiome studies can improve upon disease prediction outcomes.APMIS : acta pathologica, microbiologica, et immunologica Scandinavica · 2022Pooled it
- Functional analysis ofmBio · 2026Article
- An Integrated Platform for the Comprehensive Analysis of Host-Fungal Interactions in the Murine Tongue.Current protocols · 2026Article
- The Oral and Nasal Gateway Microbiomes: Salivaomics and Systemic Health at the Airway-Digestive Interface.Microorganisms · 2026Review
- Beyond Bacteria: The Emerging Role of the Gut Virome and Mycobiome in Celiac Disease.Nutrients · 2026Review
- Oral Cavity Antibacterial Discovery Pipeline Driven by Advanced Analytical Techniques.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Bacterial and fungal communities and network dynamics in Otitis media patients upon 1,8-Cineol treatment.NPJ systems biology and applications · 2026Article
- Candida albicans activates Staphylococcus aureus virulence regulatory systems to drive toxin-mediated human cell death.PLoS pathogens · 2026Article
- A mechanistic framework linking the oral microbiome to Alzheimer's disease through neuroinflammation.Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD · 2026Review
- [Age-Related Changes in the Oral Microbiota].Sichuan da xue xue bao. Yi xue ban = Journal of Sichuan University. Medical science edition · 2026Review
- Oral Mycobiome: Composition, Functionality and Clinical Implication.Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- The Gut-Vagina Axis.Microorganisms · 2026Review
- Disrupted Salivary Fungal Community in Patients With Oral Lichen Planus.International dental journal · 2026Article
- The mycobiome, virome and archaeome in gastrointestinal cancers: molecular pathogenesis and therapeutic intervention.Molecular cancer · 2026Review
- Structure and Function of the Dental Plaque Microbiome in Eubiosis: A Systematic Review of Ethnic-Racial Influences.Microorganisms · 2026Review
- Exploring the oral microbiome: from traditional techniques to advanced omics and databases.Antonie van Leeuwenhoek · 2026Review
- Article
- Microbial community succession and dynamics during the season-long development of apple fruit (Microbiology spectrum · 2026Article
- Comprehensive Profiling of Aseer Medicinal Plants: Connections Between Molecular Identity, Chemical Composition, and Antifungal-Antibiofilm Activity Against Oral Yeasts.Microorganisms · 2026Article
514 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The oral microbiome-organisms residing in the oral cavity and their collective genome-are critical components of health and disease. The fungal component of the oral microbiota has not been characterized. In this study, we used a novel multitag pyrosequencing approach to characterize fungi present in the oral cavity of 20 healthy individuals, using the pan-fungal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) primers. Our results revealed the "basal" oral mycobiome profile of the enrolled individuals, and showed that across all the samples studied, the oral cavity contained 74 culturable and 11 non-culturable fungal genera. Among these genera, 39 were present in only one person, 16 genera were present in two participants, and 5 genera were present in three people, while 15 genera (including non-culturable organisms) were present in >/=4 (20%) participants. Candida species were the most frequent (isolated from 75% of participants), followed by Cladosporium (65%), Aureobasidium, Saccharomycetales (50% for both), Aspergillus (35%), Fusarium (30%), and Cryptococcus (20%). Four of these predominant genera are known to be pathogenic in humans. The low-abundance genera may represent environmental fungi present in the oral cavity and could simply be spores inhaled from the air or material ingested with food. Among the culturable genera, 61 were represented by one species each, while 13 genera comprised between 2 and 6 different species; the total number of species identified were 101. The number of species in the oral cavity of each individual ranged between 9 and 23. Principal component (PCO) analysis of the obtained data set followed by sample clustering and UniFrac analysis revealed that White males and Asian males clustered differently from each other, whereas both Asian and White females clustered together. This is the first study that identified the "basal mycobiome" of healthy individuals, and provides the basis for a detailed characterization of the oral mycobiome in health and disease.
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