ArticleThe Journal of experimental medicine2010
Viral adaptation to immune selection pressure by HLA class I-restricted CTL responses targeting epitopes in HIV frameshift sequences.
Article in The Journal of experimental medicine, 2010. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 41 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
41 citing papers in PubMed, 59 citations in OpenAlex.
- Preexisting IgG forms immune complexes and links local thermal reactogenicity with immunogenicity in influenza vaccination.NPJ vaccines · 2026Article
- Prediction of recent HIV-1 infections using Shannon entropy analysis of HIV-1 group-specific antigen protein sequence.Virology journal · 2026Article
- Non-AUG HIV-1 uORF translation elicits specific T cell immune response and regulates viral transcript expression.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Unveiling conserved HIV-1 open reading frames encoding T cell antigens using ribosome profiling.Nature communications · 2025Article
- CD4+ T cell recognition of HIV-1 alternate reading frame proteins.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- No Difference in the Prevalence of HIV-1Vaccines · 2023Article
- HIV T-cell immunogen design and delivery.Current opinion in HIV and AIDS · 2022Review
- Intraocular human cytomegaloviruses of ocular diseases are distinct from those of viremia and are capable of escaping from innate and adaptive immunity by exploiting HLA-E-mediated peripheral and central tolerance.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- The Hidden Enemy Within: Non-canonical Peptides in Virus-Induced Autoimmunity.Frontiers in microbiology · 2022Article
- SARS-CoV-2 Consensus-Sequence and Matching Overlapping Peptides Design for COVID19 Immune Studies and Vaccine Development.Vaccines · 2020Article
- Does Antigen Glycosylation Impact the HIV-Specific T Cell Immunity?Frontiers in immunology · 2020Article
- Antigen processing and presentation in HIV infection.Molecular immunology · 2019Review
- Clinical and evolutionary consequences of HIV adaptation to HLA: implications for vaccine and cure.Current opinion in HIV and AIDS · 2019Review
- Antisense-Derived HIV-1 Cryptic Epitopes Are Not Major Drivers of Viral Evolution during the Acute Phase of Infection.Journal of virology · 2018Article
- Nowhere to hide: unconventional translation yields cryptic peptides for immune surveillance.Immunological reviews · 2016Review
- Enhanced Direct Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I Self-Antigen Presentation Induced by Chlamydia Infection.Infection and immunity · 2016Article
- Defining the HLA class I-associated viral antigen repertoire from HIV-1-infected human cells.European journal of immunology · 2016Article
- Enhanced Recognition of HIV-1 Cryptic Epitopes Restricted by HLA Class I Alleles Associated With a Favorable Clinical Outcome.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2015Article
- Perception of self: distinguishing autoimmunity from autoinflammation.Nature reviews. Rheumatology · 2015Review
- Immune screening identifies novel T cell targets encoded by antisense reading frames of HIV-1.Journal of virology · 2015Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
13 authors at 5 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL)-mediated immune responses to HIV contribute to viral control in vivo. Epitopes encoded by alternative reading frame (ARF) peptides may be targeted by CTLs as well, but their frequency and in vivo relevance are unknown. Using host genetic (human leukocyte antigen [HLA]) and plasma viral sequence information from 765 HIV-infected subjects, we identified 64 statistically significant (q<0.2) associations between specific HLA alleles and sequence polymorphisms in alternate reading frames of gag, pol, and nef that did not affect the regular frame protein sequence. Peptides spanning the top 20 HLA-associated imprints were used to test for ex vivo immune responses in 85 HIV-infected subjects and showed responses to 10 of these ARF peptides. The most frequent response recognized an HLA-A*03-restricted +2 frame-encoded epitope containing a unique A*03-associated polymorphism at position 6. Epitope-specific CTLs efficiently inhibited viral replication in vitro when viruses containing the wild-type sequence but not the observed polymorphism were tested. Mutating alternative internal start codons abrogated the CTL-mediated inhibition of viral replication. These data indicate that responses to ARF-encoded HIV epitopes are induced during natural infection, can contribute to viral control in vivo, and drive viral evolution on a population level.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.