ArticleThe Journal of experimental medicine2010
CD8 T cell response and evolutionary pressure to HIV-1 cryptic epitopes derived from antisense transcription.
Article in The Journal of experimental medicine, 2010. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 57 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
57 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 77 citations in OpenAlex.
- Characterisation of HIV-1 Gag Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte Epitopes in the Southern African Region-A Systematic Review.Immunology · 2026Pooled it
- The diverse functions of viral microproteins.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Pan-viral ORFs discovery using massively parallel ribosome profiling.Science (New York, N.Y.) · 2025Article
- Unveiling conserved HIV-1 open reading frames encoding T cell antigens using ribosome profiling.Nature communications · 2025Article
- CD4+ T cell recognition of HIV-1 alternate reading frame proteins.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- HIV controllers: hope for a functional cure.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Review
- Creation of the HIV-1 antisense geneMicrobiology spectrum · 2024Article
- HIV T-cell immunogen design and delivery.Current opinion in HIV and AIDS · 2022Review
- Defective HIV-1 genomes and their potential impact on HIV pathogenesis.Retrovirology · 2022Review
- Intragenic proviral elements support transcription of defective HIV-1 proviruses.PLoS pathogens · 2021Article
- Retroviral Antisense Transcripts and Genes: 33 Years after First Predicted, a Silent Retroviral Revolution?Viruses · 2021Review
- Immunogenetic determinants of heterosexual HIV-1 transmission: key findings and lessons from two distinct African cohorts.Genes and immunity · 2021Review
- Review
- Review
- SARS-CoV-2 Consensus-Sequence and Matching Overlapping Peptides Design for COVID19 Immune Studies and Vaccine Development.Vaccines · 2020Article
- Antigen processing and presentation in HIV infection.Molecular immunology · 2019Review
- CD8 T cells targeting adapted epitopes in chronic HIV infection promote dendritic cell maturation and CD4 T cell trans-infection.PLoS pathogens · 2019Article
- HIV-1 Antisense Protein of Different Clades Induces Autophagy and Associates with the Autophagy Factor p62.Journal of virology · 2019Article
- Antisense-Derived HIV-1 Cryptic Epitopes Are Not Major Drivers of Viral Evolution during the Acute Phase of Infection.Journal of virology · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
17 authors at 8 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Retroviruses pack multiple genes into relatively small genomes by encoding several genes in the same genomic region with overlapping reading frames. Both sense and antisense HIV-1 transcripts contain open reading frames for known functional proteins as well as numerous alternative reading frames (ARFs). At least some ARFs have the potential to encode proteins of unknown function, and their antigenic properties can be considered as cryptic epitopes (CEs). To examine the extent of active immune response to virally encoded CEs, we analyzed human leukocyte antigen class I-associated polymorphisms in HIV-1 gag, pol, and nef genes from a large cohort of South Africans with chronic infection. In all, 391 CEs and 168 conventional epitopes were predicted, with the majority (307; 79%) of CEs derived from antisense transcripts. In further evaluation of CD8 T cell responses to a subset of the predicted CEs in patients with primary or chronic infection, both sense- and antisense-encoded CEs were immunogenic at both stages of infection. In addition, CEs often mutated during the first year of infection, which was consistent with immune selection for escape variants. These findings indicate that the HIV-1 genome might encode and deploy a large potential repertoire of unconventional epitopes to enhance vaccine-induced antiviral immunity.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.