ReviewSteroids2010
Estrogen and oxidative stress: A novel mechanism that may increase the risk for cardiovascular disease in women.
Review in Steroids, 2010. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 46 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
46 citing papers in PubMed, 105 citations in OpenAlex.
- Diabetic Kidney Disease Progression Alleviated in Mice by ALKBH5-Mediated UC-MSCs-Derived Exosomes That Inhibit TRAF6 m6A Modification and Promote M2 Macrophage Polarisation.Endocrinology, diabetes & metabolism · 2026Article
- An Overview of Oxidative Stress in Sex Chromosome Aneuploidies in Pediatric Populations.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Genistein Enhances the Beneficial Effects of Exercise on Antioxidant and Anti-inflammatory Balance and Cardiomyopathy in Ovariectomized Diabetic Rats.Anti-inflammatory & anti-allergy agents in medicinal chemistry · 2025Article
- Fibrinogen Structural Changes and Their Potential Role in Endometriosis-Related Thrombosis.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- An In Vivo Model of Estrogen Supplementation Concerning the Expression of CaJournal of cardiovascular development and disease · 2024Article
- Vascular dysfunction in females post-menopause with obesity: an ultrasonic view.International journal of obesity (2005) · 2024Article
- Nomogram predicting the cardiovascular disease mortality for older patients with colorectal cancer: A real-world population-based study.World journal of cardiology · 2024Article
- Estradiol improves behavior in FAD transgenic mice that expressFrontiers in endocrinology · 2024Article
- Sex differences in blood pressure regulation and hypertension: renal, hemodynamic, and hormonal mechanisms.Physiological reviews · 2024Review
- Oxidative Stress and Cardiovascular Risk Factors: The Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) Study.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Heart Failure in Menopause: Treatment and New Approaches.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Association between Lower-to-Upper Ratio of Appendicular Skeletal Muscle and Metabolic Syndrome.Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Article
- Caloric restriction-mimetics for the reduction of heart failure risk in aging heart: with consideration of gender-related differences.Military Medical Research · 2022Review
- Oxidative Stress and Menopausal Status: The Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults Cohort Study.Journal of women's health (2002) · 2022Observational
- Mechanisms and clinical implications of endothelium-dependent vasomotor dysfunction in coronary microvasculature.American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology · 2022Review
- Female and male mice have differential longterm cardiorenal outcomes following a matched degree of ischemia-reperfusion acute kidney injury.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Saliva nitrite is higher in male children with autism spectrum disorder and positively correlated with serum nitrate.Redox report : communications in free radical research · 2021Article
- Article
- Diabetes pathogenesis and management: the endothelium comes of age.Journal of molecular cell biology · 2021Article
- Effects of Folic Acid Supplementation on Oxidative Stress Markers: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Although early studies demonstrated that exogenous estrogen lowered a woman's risk of cardiovascular disease, recent trials indicate that HRT actually increases the risk of coronary heart disease or stroke. However, there is no clear explanation for this discrepancy. Is estrogen a helpful or a harmful hormone in terms of cardiovascular function? This review discusses some recent findings that propose a novel mechanism which may shed significant light upon this controversy. We propose that nitric oxide synthase (NOS) expressed within the vascular wall is a target of estrogen action. Under normal conditions in younger women, the primary product of estrogen action is NO, which produces a number of beneficial effects on vascular biology. As a woman ages, however, there is evidence for loss of important molecules essential for NO production (e.g., tetrahydrobiopterin, l-arginine). As these molecules are depleted, NOS becomes increasingly "uncoupled" from NO production, and instead produces superoxide, a dangerous reactive oxygen species. We propose that a similar uncoupling and reversal of estrogen response occurs in diabetes. Therefore, we propose that estrogen is neither "good" nor "bad", but simply stimulates NOS activity. It is the biochemical environment around NOS that will determine whether estrogen produces a beneficial (NO) or deleterious (superoxide) product, and can account for this dual and opposite nature of estrogen pharmacology. Further, this molecular mechanism is consistent with recent analyses revealing that HRT produces salutary effects in younger women, but mainly increases the risk of cardiovascular dysfunction in older postmenopausal women.
Indexed as
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.