SynthesisDevelopmental medicine and child neurology2010
Neurocognitive outcomes of individuals with a sex chromosome trisomy: XXX, XYY, or XXY: a systematic review.
Synthesis in Developmental medicine and child neurology, 2010. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 90 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
90 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 298 citations in OpenAlex.
- Genomics-based non-invasive prenatal testing for detection of fetal chromosomal aneuploidy in pregnant women.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2017Pooled it
- Autism spectrum disorders in XYY syndrome: two new cases and systematic review of the literature.European journal of pediatrics · 2014Pooled it
- Characterization of autism spectrum disorder and neurodevelopmental profiles in youth with XYY syndrome.Journal of neurodevelopmental disorders · 2018Trial
- Diagnostic Testing After Positive Cell-Free DNA Screening for Sex Chromosome Aneuploidies: Clinical and Socioeconomic Determinants.Prenatal diagnosis · 2026Article
- Impact of Prenatal Cell-Free DNA Screening on Sex Chromosome Aneuploidy Diagnoses in Infants and Children.Prenatal diagnosis · 2026Article
- Neuropsychiatric Phenotype and Treatment Challenges in 47,XYY Syndrome: A Narrative Review with a Case Series of Adolescents.Brain sciences · 2026Review
- Klinefelter syndrome beyond hypogonadism: multisystem manifestations and a framework for clinical surveillance.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Review
- Age-related differences in psychopathology within sex chromosome trisomies.European child & adolescent psychiatry · 2025Article
- Phenome-wide association study of male and female sex chromosome trisomies in 1.5 million participants of MVP, FinnGen, and UK Biobank.American journal of human genetics · 2025Article
- Brain structure in triple X syndrome: regional gray matter volume and cortical thickness in adult women with 47,XXX karyotype.Journal of neurodevelopmental disorders · 2025Article
- Article
- Evaluation of sleep disorders in children and adolescents affected by Klinefelter syndrome.European journal of pediatrics · 2025Article
- Intracortical myelin across laminae in adult individuals with 47,XXX: a 7 Tesla MRI study.Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991) · 2024Article
- Evidence-based recommendations for delivering the diagnosis of X & Y chromosome multisomies in children, adolescents, and young adults: an integrative review.BMC pediatrics · 2024Review
- Giftedness and atypical sexual differentiation: enhanced perceptual functioning through estrogen deficiency instead of androgen excess.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2024Review
- Subjective versus objective sleep in men with Klinefelter syndrome.Orphanet journal of rare diseases · 2023Article
- Early Social Behavior in Young Children with Sex Chromosome Trisomies (XXX, XXY, XYY): Profiles of Observed Social Interactions and Social Impairments Associated with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD).Journal of autism and developmental disorders · 2023Article
- Morbidity, mortality, and socioeconomics in Klinefelter syndrome and 47,XYY syndrome: a comparative review.Endocrine connections · 2023Review
- Resting-state functional connectivity in adults with 47,XXX: a 7 Tesla MRI study.Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991) · 2023Article
- Structural and pragmatic language in young children with sex chromosome trisomy (XXX, XXY, XYY): Predictive value for neurobehavioral problems one year later.The Clinical neuropsychologist · 2023Article
30 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
aimTo review systematically the neurodevelopmental characteristics of individuals with sex chromosome trisomies (SCTs).
methodA bibliographic search identified English-language articles on SCTs. The focus was on studies unbiased by clinical referral, with power of at least 0.69 to detect an effect size of 1.0.
resultsWe identified 35 articles on five neonatally identified samples that had adequate power for our review. An additional 11 studies were included where cases had been identified for reasons other than neurodevelopmental concerns. Individuals with an additional X chromosome had mean IQs that were within broadly normal limits but lower than the respective comparison groups, with verbal IQ most affected. Cognitive outcomes were poorest for females with XXX. Males with XYY had normal-range IQs, but all three SCT groups (XXX, XXY, and XYY) had marked difficulties in speech and language, motor skills, and educational achievement. Nevertheless, most adults with SCTs lived independently. Less evidence was available for brain structure and for attention, social, and psychiatric outcomes. Within each group there was much variation.
interpretationIndividuals with SCTs are at risk of cognitive and behavioural difficulties. However, the evidence base is slender, and further research is needed to ascertain the nature, severity, and causes of these difficulties in unselected samples.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.