Trial reportNicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco2010
A pilot randomized study of smokeless tobacco use among smokers not interested in quitting: changes in smoking behavior and readiness to quit.
Trial report in Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco, 2010. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Effect of Smoking Reduction Therapy on Smoking Cessation for Smokers without an Intention to Quit: An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2015Pooled it
- Caregivers' interest in using smokeless tobacco products: Novel methods that may reduce children's exposure to secondhand smoke.Journal of health psychology · 2016Trial
- Brief, instructional smokeless tobacco use among cigarette smokers who do not intend to quit: a pilot randomized clinical trial.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2014Trial
- Estimating demand for alternatives to cigarettes with online purchase tasks.American journal of health behavior · 2014Trial
- Impact of tobacco and/or nicotine products on health and functioning: a scoping review and findings from the preparatory phase of the development of a new self-report measure.Harm reduction journal · 2021Article
- Effectiveness and Safety Profile of Alternative Tobacco and Nicotine Products for Smoking Reduction and Cessation: A Systematic Review.Journal of multidisciplinary healthcare · 2021Review
- Do never smokers make up an increasing share of snus users as cigarette smoking declines? Changes in smoking status among male snus users in Norway 2003-15.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2017Article
- Does reduced smoking if you can't stop make any difference?BMC medicine · 2015Article
- How has the availability of snus influenced cigarette smoking in Norway?International journal of environmental research and public health · 2014Article
- A fresh look at tobacco harm reduction: the case for the electronic cigarette.Harm reduction journal · 2013Review
- Patterns of dual use of snus and cigarettes in a mature snus market.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2013Article
- The acceptability of nicotine containing products as alternatives to cigarettes: findings from two pilot studies.Harm reduction journal · 2011Article
- The scientific foundation for tobacco harm reduction, 2006-2011.Harm reduction journal · 2011Article
- US smokers' reactions to a brief trial of oral nicotine products.Harm reduction journal · 2011Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
Abstract
introductionSeveral prior studies suggest that smokeless tobacco use results in less carcinogenic risk than does cigarette smoking. Whether smokers will use smokeless tobacco is unclear, as is the impact of such use on long-term smoking behavior and cessation. It is equally plausible that smokeless tobacco use among smokers could either (a) increase total tobacco exposure and undermine motivation to quit or (b) decrease overall tobacco exposure, motivate smokers to quit, and enhance cessation. Either outcome is of major public health significance.
methodsIn this small (N = 31), short-term (2 week) pilot study, smokers uninterested in quitting were randomized to (a) receive Ariva or Stonewall (both spitless and smokeless tobacco lozenges) or (b) continue smoking conventional cigarettes.
resultsAriva/Stonewall use led to a significant reduction (40%, 95% CI: 24%-55%) in cigarettes per day, no significant increases in total tobacco use (cigarettes + Ariva/Stonewall; p > .05), and significant increases in two measures of readiness to quit, either in the next month (p < .001) or within the next 6 months (p = .04), as well as significant increases in self-efficacy to quit smoking (p < .001). No such changes were found among smokers maintained on conventional cigarettes. DISCUSSION: These results suggest no deleterious effect on short-term smoking and quitting behavior among smokers who use smokeless tobacco. More broadly, this study suggests a strong need for a large prospective randomized clinical trial to more accurately assess the long-term viability of smokeless tobacco use as a method for cessation induction among unmotivated smokers.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.