ArticleBritish journal of pharmacology2010
Apremilast, a cAMP phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitor, demonstrates anti-inflammatory activity in vitro and in a model of psoriasis.
Article in British journal of pharmacology, 2010. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 151 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
An Investigator Initiated Study of Monocyte Biomarkers in Moderate to Severe Plaque Psoriasis Subjects Treated With Apremilast
A Pilot Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Apremilast in Patients of Chronic and Recurrent Erythema Nodosum Leprosum
Who cites it
151 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 397 citations in OpenAlex.
- New hope for the treatment of recurrent and refractory psoriasis: NK cell immunotherapy-A scientometric analysis.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Pooled it
- Hidradenitis Suppurativa: A Systematic Review Integrating Inflammatory Pathways Into a Cohesive Pathogenic Model.Frontiers in immunology · 2018Pooled it
- Apremilast in Japanese patients with palmoplantar pustulosis: A randomized, Phase 3 trial.Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology : JEADV · 2026Trial
- Apremilast and narrowband ultraviolet B combination therapy suppresses Th17 axis and promotes melanogenesis in vitiligo skin: a randomized, split-body, pilot study in skin types IV-VI.Archives of dermatological research · 2023Trial
- Efficacy and safety of apremilast and phototherapy versus phototherapy only in psoriasis vulgaris.The Journal of dermatology · 2022Trial
- Response to Inhibition of Receptor-Interacting Protein Kinase 1 (RIPK1) in Active Plaque Psoriasis: A Randomized Placebo-Controlled Study.Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics · 2020Trial
- Apremilast, an oral phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor, in the treatment of Japanese patients with moderate to severe plaque psoriasis: Efficacy, safety and tolerability results from a phase 2b randomized controlled trial.The Journal of dermatology · 2017Trial
- The effects of apremilast on the QTc interval in healthy male volunteers: a formal, thorough QT study.International journal of clinical pharmacology and therapeutics · 2016Trial
- The pharmacodynamic impact of apremilast, an oral phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor, on circulating levels of inflammatory biomarkers in patients with psoriatic arthritis: substudy results from a phase III, randomized, placebo-controlled trial (PALACE 1).Journal of immunology research · 2015Trial
- The effect of the novel phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitor MEM 1414 on the allergen induced responses in mild asthma.BMC pulmonary medicine · 2014Trial
- Treatment of psoriatic arthritis in a phase 3 randomised, placebo-controlled trial with apremilast, an oral phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor.Annals of the rheumatic diseases · 2014Trial
- Improvements in patient-reported outcomes with apremilast, an oral phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor, in the treatment of moderate to severe psoriasis: results from a phase IIb randomized, controlled study.Health and quality of life outcomes · 2013Trial
- Absorption, metabolism and excretion of [14C]pomalidomide in humans following oral administration.Cancer chemotherapy and pharmacology · 2013Trial
- A pilot study of an oral phosphodiesterase inhibitor (apremilast) for atopic dermatitis in adults.Archives of dermatology · 2012Trial
- Disposition, metabolism and mass balance of [(14)C]apremilast following oral administration.Xenobiotica; the fate of foreign compounds in biological systems · 2011Trial
- Integrated transcriptome and metabolome revealVirulence · 2026Article
- Biologics and Small Molecule Inhibitors: Novel Therapeutic Strategies for Cutaneous Adverse Drug Reactions.Drugs · 2026Review
- Repurposing apremilast for alzheimer's disease: multitarget modulation of cAMP‑PI3K/Akt-GSK‑3β and NF‑κB signaling.Metabolic brain disease · 2026Review
- Cardiovascular Risk in Psoriatic Arthritis: Mechanisms, Risk Assessment, and Long-Term Management Implications.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- PDE4 Inhibitor Apremilast Rebalances Inflammatory Responses to Pseudomonas aeruginosa Infection in CF Rats.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
91 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
15 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
background and purposeApremilast is an orally administered phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitor, currently in phase 2 clinical studies of psoriasis and other chronic inflammatory diseases. The inhibitory effects of apremilast on pro-inflammatory responses of human primary peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), polymorphonuclear cells, natural killer (NK) cells and epidermal keratinocytes were explored in vitro, and in a preclinical model of psoriasis. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH: Apremilast was tested in vitro against endotoxin- and superantigen-stimulated PBMC, bacterial peptide and zymosan-stimulated polymorphonuclear cells, immunonoglobulin and cytokine-stimulated NK cells, and ultraviolet B light-activated keratinocytes. Apremilast was orally administered to beige-severe combined immunodeficient mice, xenotransplanted with normal human skin and triggered with human psoriatic NK cells. Epidermal skin thickness, proliferation index and inflammation markers were analysed. KEY
resultsApremilast inhibited PBMC production of the chemokines CXCL9 and CXCL10, cytokines interferon-gamma and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, and interleukins (IL)-2, IL-12 and IL-23. Production of TNF-alpha by NK cells and keratinocytes was also inhibited. In vivo, apremilast significantly reduced epidermal thickness and proliferation, decreased the general histopathological appearance of psoriasiform features and reduced expression of TNF-alpha, human leukocyte antigen-DR and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 in the lesioned skin. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: Apremilast displayed a broad pattern of anti-inflammatory activity in a variety of cell types and decreased the incidence and severity of a psoriasiform response in vivo. Inhibition of TNF-alpha, IL-12 and IL-23 production, as well as NK and keratinocyte responses by this phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitor suggests a novel approach to the treatment of psoriasis.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.