ArticleAnnals of behavioral medicine : a publication of the Society of Behavioral Medicine2009
Education and smoking: confounding or effect modification by phenotypic personality traits?
Article in Annals of behavioral medicine : a publication of the Society of Behavioral Medicine, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 34 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Impact of COVID-19 lockdown on smoking (waterpipe and cigarette) and participants' BMI across various sociodemographic groups in Arab countries in the Mediterranean Region.Tobacco induced diseases · 2022Article
- Personality Traits and Memory: A Multilevel Analysis Across 27 Countries From the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe.Psychological science · 2021Article
- Big Five Personality and CTRA gene expression: Lack of association in a midlife sample of US adults (MIDUS-Refresher).Personality and individual differences · 2021Article
- Scientific imperatives vis-à-vis growing inequality in America.The American psychologist · 2019Article
- The associations of personality traits and parental education with smoking behaviour among adolescents.PloS one · 2017Article
- Childhood conscientiousness predicts the social gradient of smoking in adulthood: a life course analysis.Journal of epidemiology and community health · 2015Article
- Personality-informed interventions for healthy aging: conclusions from a National Institute on Aging work group.Developmental psychology · 2014Review
- Personality and physical functioning among older adults: the moderating role of education.The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences · 2013Article
- An Association between Emotional Responsiveness and Smoking Behavior.Journal of addiction · 2013Article
- Psychosocial stressors and cigarette smoking among African American adults in midlife.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2012Article
- Health differentials in the older population of England: an empirical comparison of the materialist, lifestyle and psychosocial hypotheses.BMC public health · 2011Article
- Personality and longevity: knowns, unknowns, and implications for public health and personalized medicine.Journal of aging research · 2011Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundLittle is known about whether educational gradients in smoking patterns can be explained by financial measures of socioeconomic status (SES) and/or personality traits. PURPOSE: To assess whether the relationship of education to (1) never smoking and (2) having quit smoking would be confounded by financial measures of SES or by personality; whether lower Neuroticism and higher Conscientiousness would be associated with having abstained from or quit smoking; and whether education effects were modified by personality.
methodUsing data from the Midlife Development in the US National Survey, 2,429 individuals were classified as current (n = 695), former (n = 999), or never (n = 735) smokers. Multinomial logistic regressions examined study questions.
resultsGreater education was strongly associated with both never and former smoking, with no confounding by financial status and personality. Never smoking was associated with lower Openness and higher Conscientiousness, while have quit was associated with higher Neuroticism. Education interacted additively with Conscientiousness to increase and with Openness to decrease the probability of never smoking.
conclusionsEducation and personality should be considered unconfounded smoking risks in epidemiologic and clinical studies. Educational associations with smoking may vary by personality dispositions, and prevention and intervention programs should consider both sets of factors.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.