ReviewEnvironmental health perspectives2009
Global status of DDT and its alternatives for use in vector control to prevent disease.
Review in Environmental health perspectives, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 90 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
90 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 366 citations in OpenAlex.
- Transgenerational epigenetic effects from male exposure to endocrine-disrupting compounds: a systematic review on research in mammals.Clinical epigenetics · 2020Pooled it
- Environmental contaminants and preeclampsia: a systematic literature review.Journal of toxicology and environmental health. Part B, Critical reviews · 2018Pooled it
- Insecticide Resistance Alters Oviposition Preference inEcology and evolution · 2026Article
- Advancing One Health surveillance with non-invasive biomonitoring: a review of persistent pesticide exposure assessment using external keratinized animal tissue.One health outlook · 2025Review
- Historic Trends in the Concentrations of Persistent Organohalogenated Pollutants in Australian Butter and the Impact of Regulation.ACS omega · 2025Article
- Global Evidence on Monitoring Human Pesticide Exposure.Journal of xenobiotics · 2025Review
- Rethinking Chlorine: Essential Chemical or Replaceable Risk?ChemSusChem · 2025Review
- Alterations in murine macrophage reactivity and bactericidal efficacy following exposure to an environmentally relevant mixture of organochlorine pesticide compounds.Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association · 2025Article
- Pesticides, an urgent challenge to global environmental health and planetary boundaries.Frontiers in toxicology · 2025Review
- Legacy DDT and its metabolites in Brook Trout from lakes within forested watersheds treated with aerial applications of insecticides.PloS one · 2025Article
- Agricultural intensification in Lake Naivasha Catchment in Kenya and associated nutrients and pesticides pollution.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- DDT contamination in water resources of some African countries and its impact on water quality and human health.Heliyon · 2024Review
- A shot in the foot: Could chemical control of malaria vectors threaten food security?MalariaWorld journal · 2024Article
- Invited Perspective: Is DDT's Imprint Here to Stay?Environmental health perspectives · 2024Article
- The Association between Long-Term DDT or DDE Exposures and an Altered Sperm Epigenome-a Cross-Sectional Study of Greenlandic Inuit and South African VhaVenda Men.Environmental health perspectives · 2024Article
- Environmental toxicants and health adversities: A review on interventions of phytochemicals.Journal of public health research · 2023Article
- Inherited Epigenetic Hallmarks of Childhood Obesity Derived from Prenatal Exposure to Obesogens.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Review
- Identification and Risk Assessment of Priority Control Organic Pollutants in Groundwater in the Junggar Basin in Xinjiang, P.R. China.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Article
- Intensity of insecticide resistance in the major malaria vector Anopheles funestus from Chikwawa, rural Southern Malawi.Parasites & vectors · 2022Article
- Obesity II: Establishing causal links between chemical exposures and obesity.Biochemical pharmacology · 2022Review
30 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveI review the status of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), used for disease vector control, along with current evidence on its benefits and risks in relation to the available alternatives. DATA SOURCES AND EXTRACTION: Contemporary data on DDT use were largely obtained from questionnaires and reports. I also conducted a Scopus search to retrieve published articles. DATA SYNTHESIS: DDT has been recommended as part of the arsenal of insecticides available for indoor residual spraying until suitable alternatives are available. Approximately 14 countries use DDT for disease control, and several countries are preparing to reintroduce DDT. The effectiveness of DDT depends on local settings and merits close consideration in relation to the alternatives. Concerns about the continued use of DDT are fueled by recent reports of high levels of human exposure associated with indoor spraying amid accumulating evidence on chronic health effects. There are signs that more malaria vectors are becoming resistant to the toxic action of DDT, and that resistance is spreading to new countries. A comprehensive cost assessment of DDT versus its alternatives that takes side effects into account is missing. Effective chemical methods are available as immediate alternatives to DDT, but the choice of insecticide class is limited, and in certain areas the development of resistance is undermining the efficacy of insecticidal tools. New insecticides are not expected in the short term. Nonchemical methods are potentially important, but their effectiveness at program level needs urgent study.
conclusionsTo reduce reliance on DDT, support is needed for integrated and multipartner strategies of vector control and for the continued development of new technologies. Integrated vector management provides a framework for developing and implementing effective technologies and strategies as sustainable alternatives to reliance on DDT.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.