ReviewGerman medical science : GMS e-journal2009
Carbohydrates - Guidelines on Parenteral Nutrition, Chapter 5.
Review in German medical science : GMS e-journal, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 12 citations in OpenAlex.
- Energy, Protein, Carbohydrate, and Lipid Intakes and Their Effects on Morbidity and Mortality in Critically Ill Adult Patients: A Systematic Review.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2017Pooled it
- Nutritional Optimization of the Surgical Patient: A Narrative Review.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2025Review
- Peroxisome-Deficiency and HIF-2α Signaling Are Negative Regulators of Ketohexokinase Expression.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2020Article
- Disparate Candida albicans Biofilm Formation in Clinical Lipid Emulsions Due to Capric Acid-Mediated Inhibition.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2019Article
- Incidence of nutritional support complications in patient hospitalized in wards. multicentric study.Colombia medica (Cali, Colombia) · 2012Article
- [Nutritional management of severely injured patients : Treatment between guidelines and reality].Der Unfallchirurg · 2011Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The main role of carbohydrates in the human body is to provide energy. Carbohydrates should always be infused with PN (parenteral nutrition) in combination with amino acids and lipid emulsions to improve nitrogen balance. Glucose should be provided as a standard carbohydrate for PN, whereas the use of xylite is not generally recommended. Fructose solutions should not be used for PN. Approximately 60% of non-protein energy should be supplied as glucose with an intake of 3.0-3.5 g/kg body weight/day (2.1-2.4 mg/kg body weight/min). In patients with a high risk of hyperglycaemia (critically ill, diabetes, sepsis, or steroid therapy) an lower initial carbohydrate infusion rate of 1-2 g/kg body weight/day is recommended to achieve normoglycaemia. One should aim at reaching a blood glucose level of 80-110 mg/dL, and at least a glucose level <145 mg/dL should be achieved to reduce morbidity and mortality. Hyperglycaemia may require addition of an insulin infusion or a reduction (2.0-3.0 g/kg body weight/day) or even a temporary interruption of glucose infusion. Close monitoring of blood glucose levels is highly important.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.