ArticleJournal of dual diagnosis2009
Biological basis for the co-morbidity between smoking and mood disorders.
Article in Journal of dual diagnosis, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Neurotoxic Effects of Neonicotinoids on Mammals: What Is There beyond the Activation of Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors?-A Systematic Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Pooled it
- Using Mendelian randomization analysis to better understand the relationship between mental health and substance use: a systematic review.Psychological medicine · 2021Pooled it
- Cigarette smoking and depression comorbidity: systematic review and proposed theoretical model.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2017Pooled it
- The Effect of Smoking Cigarettes on the Progression of Psychotic Experiences to Psychotic Disorder: Evidence From a 6-Year Follow-Up Study.The International journal of social psychiatry · 2026Article
- The relationship between diet quality, measured by the recommended food score, and depression, assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9: an observational study in Korea.Korean journal of family medicine · 2026Article
- The effect of aerobic exercises of different intensities on anxiety, cigarette addiction, sleep quality, and quality of life in former smokers.Irish journal of medical science · 2023Article
- The relationships between use of alcohol, tobacco and coffee in adolescence and mood disorders in adulthood.Acta psychiatrica Scandinavica · 2022Article
- Bidirectional associations between depressive symptoms and cigarette, e-cigarette, cannabis, and alcohol use: Cross-lagged panel analyses among young adults before and during COVID-19.Addictive behaviors · 2022Article
- The detrimental effects of smoking on the course and outcome in adults with bipolar disorder-A narrative review.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2022Review
- Genetic overlap and causal associations between smoking behaviours and mental health.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Nicotine treatment buffers negative behavioral consequences induced by exposure to physical and emotional stress in adolescent male mice.Psychopharmacology · 2020Article
- Mood and anxiety regulation by nicotinic acetylcholine receptors: A potential pathway to modulate aggression and related behavioral states.Neuropharmacology · 2015Review
- Variations of depression treatment among women with hypertension.Health care for women international · 2015Article
- Smoking and major depressive disorder in Chinese women.PloS one · 2014Article
- The effects of prenatal stress on alpha4 beta2 and alpha7 hippocampal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor levels in adult offspring.Developmental neurobiology · 2013Article
- Smoking behaviour and mental health disorders--mutual influences and implications for therapy.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2013Review
- PPARα regulates cholinergic-driven activity of midbrain dopamine neurons via a novel mechanism involving α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2013Article
- Association of menstrual phase with smoking behavior, mood and menstrual phase-associated symptoms among young Japanese women smokers.BMC women's health · 2013Article
- Analysis of detailed phenotype profiles reveals CHRNA5-CHRNA3-CHRNB4 gene cluster association with several nicotine dependence traits.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2012Article
- Genetics of smoking and depression.Human genetics · 2012Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Nicotine dependence is still the major preventable cause of death in the developed world, and has strong comorbity with mood disorders including major depression. Depressed patients are more likely to smoke cigarettes, and quitting can precipitate an episode of depression in some subjects. Interestingly, antidepressants, particularly the atypical antidepressant buproprion, are therapeutics that can help smokers quit. Despite these observations, the underlying biological factors of the relationship between smoking and depression remain unclear. Results from clinical and pre-clinical studies have seemed somewhat paradoxical because heightened cholinergic activity can induce depression while both nicotine and nicotinic antagonists can be antidepressant-like. These observations can be reconciled by considering that high affinity nicotinic receptors in the brain can be desensitized by chronic nicotine use, leading to blunted cholinergic activity. Based on this hypothesis, nicotinic antagonists have recently been tested as treatments for depression in human subjects, particularly as adjunct therapy along with classical antidepressants. These data suggest that the relationship between smoking and depression may be partially explained by the fact that depressed patients smoke in an effort to self-medicate depressive symptoms by desensitizing their nicotinic receptors. This possibility suggests new avenues for treatment of both nicotine dependence and depressive disorders.
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.