ReviewImmunotherapy2009
Bacillus Calmette-Guerin immunotherapy for urothelial carcinoma of the bladder.
Review in Immunotherapy, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 51 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
51 citing papers in PubMed, 107 citations in OpenAlex.
- Activation of IL-1 and IL-18 induced by Mycobacterium neoaurum and bacillus calmette-guérin are dependent on the NLRP3 and AIM2 inflammasome.Veterinary research communications · 2026Article
- Bacillus Calmette-Guérin immunotherapy-induced extracellular vesicles promote antitumor immunity in bladder cancer.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Nanosecond pulsed electric fields induce cell-size-dependent selective permeabilization of urothelial cancer cells.Communications biology · 2025Article
- A signal-seeking phase 2 study of tremelimumab in advanced cancers with high tumour mutational burden.NPJ precision oncology · 2025Article
- Kidney-sparing approach for upper tract urothelial carcinoma: An update on current evidence.Asian journal of urology · 2025Review
- Optimizing the Efficacy of Vaccine-Induced Immunotherapy in Melanomas.Bulletin of mathematical biology · 2025Article
- A new era of cancer immunotherapy: vaccines and miRNAs.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2025Review
- Review of BCG immunotherapy for bladder cancer.Clinical microbiology reviews · 2025Review
- Examining Patient Characteristics in Bladder Cancer Clinical Trials Involving Immunotherapy.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- B cells and the coordination of immune checkpoint inhibitor response in patients with solid tumors.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2024Review
- Revolutionizing Treatment: Breakthrough Approaches for BCG-Unresponsive Non-Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer.Cancers · 2024Review
- Immune Predictors of Response after BacillusCancers · 2023Review
- Adjuvant intraluminal therapies for upper tract urothelial carcinoma.Translational andrology and urology · 2023Review
- Hacking the Immune Response to Solid Tumors: Harnessing the Anti-Cancer Capacities of Oncolytic Bacteria.Pharmaceutics · 2023Review
- The natural course of bacillus Calmette-Guérin induced bladder lesions: A long-term follow-up study and systematic review.Asian journal of urology · 2023Article
- PemBla: A Phase 1 study of intravesical pembrolizumab in recurrent non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer.BJUI compass · 2023Article
- Toll-like receptor-guided therapeutic intervention of human cancers: molecular and immunological perspectives.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Tumor-associated macrophages: Prognostic and therapeutic targets for cancer in humans and dogs.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Pushing the envelope: Immune mechanism and application landscape of macrophage-activating lipopeptide-2.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Tumor immunotherapies by immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs); the pros and cons.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Mycobacterium bovis bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG) is one of the great success stories of immunotherapy as a treatment for superficial urothelial carcinoma of the bladder. Despite clinical effectiveness in over 50% of patients, the high incidence of local side effects and presence of nonresponders has led to efforts to improve the therapy. Recent advances have suggested a role for neutrophils and TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) in the antitumor inflammatory response. Cell wall components of mycobacteria alone, lowered doses of BCG, and combination with cytokines have been studied as ways to improve the immune response associated with BCG and/or reduce toxicity. This review will discuss the clinical use of BCG, its proposed mechanism of action, and directions of future research to improve efficacy and decrease side effects.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.