ArticleDevelopmental biology2010
Evidence for an early role for BMP4 signaling in thymus and parathyroid morphogenesis.
Article in Developmental biology, 2010. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 64 papers.
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Who cites it
64 citing papers in PubMed, 116 citations in OpenAlex.
- Reduced dosage of Kmt2d modifies Tbx1 haploinsufficiency toward phenotypes of 22q11.2DS.JCI insight · 2026Article
- An iPSC-based in vitro model recapitulates human thymic epithelial development and multi-lineage specification.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Perspectives on the Parathyroid-Thymus Interconnection-A Literature Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Thymic inborn errors of immunity.The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology · 2025Review
- Thymus Ontogeny and Development.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2025Review
- Neural Crest-Derived Mesenchymal Cells Support Thymic Reconstitution After Lethal Irradiation.European journal of immunology · 2025Article
- Directed differentiation of human embryonic stem cells into parathyroid cells and establishment of parathyroid organoids.Cell proliferation · 2024Article
- Single-cell analysis reveals transcriptional dynamics in healthy primary parathyroid tissue.Genome research · 2024Article
- Primary and secondary defects of the thymus.Immunological reviews · 2024Review
- Non-Mutational Key Features in the Biology of Thymomas.Cancers · 2024Review
- OVOL2 sustains postnatal thymic epithelial cell identity.Nature communications · 2023Article
- Article
- Comprehensive Transcriptomic Analysis for Thymic Epithelial Cells of Aged Mice and Humans.Immune network · 2023Article
- Mesenchymal stromal cells ameliorate chronic GVHD by boosting thymic regeneration in a CCR9-dependent manner in mice.Blood advances · 2023Article
- Generation and molecular characterization of human pluripotent stem cell-derived pharyngeal foregut endoderm.Developmental cell · 2023Article
- Bmp4 in Zebrafish Enhances Antiviral Innate Immunity through p38 MAPK (Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases) Pathway.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Cellular and molecular mechanisms of the organogenesis and development, and function of the mammalian parathyroid gland.Cell and tissue research · 2023Review
- Human thymus in health and disease: Recent advances in diagnosis and biology.Seminars in immunology · 2023Review
- HOXA3 functions as the on-off switch to regulate the development of hESC-derived third pharyngeal pouch endoderm through EPHB2-mediated Wnt pathway.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Mesenchymal stromal cells in the thymus.Inflammation and regeneration · 2022Review
4 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The thymus and parathyroids are pharyngeal endoderm-derived organs that develop from common organ primordia, which undergo a series of morphological events resulting in separate organs in distinct locations in the embryo. Previous gene expression and functional analyses have suggested a role for BMP4 signaling in early thymus organogenesis. We have used conditional deletion of Bmp4 or Alk3 from the pharyngeal endoderm and/or the surrounding mesenchyme using Foxg1-Cre, Wnt1-Cre or Foxn1-Cre. Deleting Bmp4 from both neural crest cells (NCC) and early endoderm-derived epithelial cells in Foxg1-Cre;Bmp4 conditional mutants resulted in defects in thymus-parathyroid morphogenesis. Defects included reduced condensation of mesenchymal cells around the epithelium, partial absence of the thymic capsule, a delay in thymus and parathyroid separation, and failed or dramatically reduced organ migration. Patterning of the primordia and initial organ differentiation were not affected in any of the mutants. Deleting Bmp4 from NCC-derived mesenchyme or differentiating thymic epithelial cells (TECs) had no effects on thymus-parathyroid development, while loss of Alk3 from either neural crest cells or TECs resulted in only a mild thymic hypoplasia. these results show that the processes of cell specification and morphogenesis during thymus-parathyroid development are independently controlled, and suggest a specific temporal and spatial role for BMP4-mediated epithelial-mesenchymal interactions during early thymus and parathyroid morphogenesis.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.