ArticleMedical oncology (Northwood, London, England)2011
A survey of prognostic value of serum factors in multiple myeloma patients before treatment: macrophage-colony stimulating factor (M-CSF) is a powerful predictor of survival.
Article in Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England), 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 11 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effects of mesenchymal stem cells from different sources on the biological functions of multiple myeloma cells.Stem cell research & therapy · 2025Article
- Aplastic anemia in association with multiple myeloma: clinical and pathophysiological insights.Leukemia & lymphoma · 2024Article
- Comprehensive analysis of serum cytokines in patients with multiple myeloma before and after lenalidomide and dexamethasone.Cancer medicine · 2024Article
- Cytokine-Mediated Dysregulation of Signaling Pathways in the Pathogenesis of Multiple Myeloma.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Review
- Increased expression of colony stimulating factor-1 is a predictor of poor prognosis in patients with clear-cell renal cell carcinoma.BMC cancer · 2015Article
- Exploration of macrophage colony-stimulating factor as a new type of tumor marker.Biomedical reports · 2013Article
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
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Abstract
Cytokines are involved in the pathogenesis of multiple myeloma (MM) and other cancers. The aim of this study was to evaluate a range of cytokines of diverse activity in patients with multiple myeloma for a possible prognostic value. Concentrations of the following cytokines and cytokine receptors were measured by ELISA in the sera of 64 untreated MM patients: IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, TNFα, sTNF R I and II, sIL-2Rα, IL-1ra, M-CSF, G-CSF, VEGF, and bFGF. Serum levels of sTNF RI, IL-6, and bFGF were elevated in over 50% of patients. There was an inverse relationship between sTNF RII, TNFα, IL-1ra, and albumin levels. There was no significant relationship between cytokines/cytokine receptors and other serum correlates of myeloma. In a univariate survival analysis, β2-microglobulin, LDH, sIL-2Rα, sTNF RI, and M-CSF were significant variables. In a multivariate analysis, only M-CSF and β2-microglobulin retained a significant influence on survival. Serum M-CSF may be considered another independent and clinically useful prognostic factor in multiple myeloma.
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