Evidence map›Paper›PMID 20040554›Full record

Trial reportJAMA2009

Ginkgo biloba for preventing cognitive decline in older adults: a randomized trial.

Beth E Snitz, Ellen S O'Meara, Michelle C Carlson, Alice M Arnold, Diane G Ives, Stephen R Rapp, Judith Saxton, Oscar L Lopez, Leslie O Dunn, Kaycee M Sink and 2 more

2 registry-linked trialsAbstract readMulticenter StudyRandomized Controlled Trial
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Trial report in JAMA, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 143 papers, 8 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
143citing papers in PubMed, 8 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT00010803 phase3completednot on this map

Ginkgo Biloba Prevention Trial in Older Individuals

TypeinterventionalSponsorNational Center for Complementary and Integrative Health (NCCIH)Ran2000 to 2011Enrolled3,069ConditionsDementia, Alzheimer's DiseaseArmsGinkgo biloba, Placebo
NCT06200883 phase4completednot on this mapstarted 2022, after this paper: background citation

Effects of a Nutraceutic Compound on Cognitive Impairment in Frailty Patients

TypeinterventionalSponsorFederico II UniversityRan2022 to 2023Enrolled58ConditionsMild Cognitive ImpairmentArmsPlacebo oral vial, Choline Bitartrate
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

143 citing papers in PubMed, 8 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
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  3. Can We UseCells · 2022
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  6. Individually modifiable risk factors to ameliorate cognitive aging: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Climacteric : the journal of the International Menopause Society · 2015
    Pooled it
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  8. Treatment for mild cognitive impairment: systematic review.The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science · 2013
    Pooled it
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  20. The use of Ginkgo biloba for the prevention of chemotherapy-related cognitive dysfunction in women receiving adjuvant treatment for breast cancer, N00C9.Supportive care in cancer : official journal of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer · 2013
    Trial

83 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Beth E SnitzDepartment of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.
Ellen S O'Meara
Michelle C Carlson
Alice M Arnold
Diane G Ives
Stephen R Rapp
Judith Saxton
Oscar L Lopez
Leslie O Dunn
Kaycee M Sink
Steven T DeKosky
Ginkgo Evaluation of Memory (GEM) Study Investigators

Funding

RECRUITMENT COREU19AG010483 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO · PI FELDMAN, HOWARD · 2013 to 2020
$80.6M
TREATMENT OF DEPRESSION IN ALZHEIMER'S DISEASEP50AG005133 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH AT PITTSBURGH · PI BECKER, JAMES T. · 1985 to 2019
$43.0M
GINKGO BILOBA PREVENTION TRIAL IN OLDER INDIVIDUALSU01AT000162 · NCCIH · UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH AT PITTSBURGH · PI LOPEZ, OSCAR L. · 1999 to 2009
$34.7M
NCCIH NIH HHS U01 AT000162NIA NIH HHS P50 AG005133NIA NIH HHS P50AG05133NIA NIH HHS U19 AG010483
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

contextThe herbal product Ginkgo biloba is taken frequently with the intention of improving cognitive health in aging. However, evidence from adequately powered clinical trials is lacking regarding its effect on long-term cognitive functioning.

objectiveTo determine whether G. biloba slows the rates of global or domain-specific cognitive decline in older adults. DESIGN, SETTING, AND

participantsThe Ginkgo Evaluation of Memory (GEM) study, a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial of 3069 community-dwelling participants aged 72 to 96 years, conducted in 6 academic medical centers in the United States between 2000 and 2008, with a median follow-up of 6.1 years.

interventionTwice-daily dose of 120-mg extract of G. biloba (n = 1545) or identical-appearing placebo (n = 1524).

main outcome measuresRates of change over time in the Modified Mini-Mental State Examination (3MSE), in the cognitive subscale of the Alzheimer Disease Assessment Scale (ADAS-Cog), and in neuropsychological domains of memory, attention, visual-spatial construction, language, and executive functions, based on sums of z scores of individual tests.

resultsAnnual rates of decline in z scores did not differ between G. biloba and placebo groups in any domains, including memory (0.043; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.034-0.051 vs 0.041; 95% CI, 0.032-0.050), attention (0.043; 95% CI, 0.037-0.050 vs 0.048; 95% CI, 0.041-0.054), visuospatial abilities (0.107; 95% CI, 0.097-0.117 vs 0.118; 95% CI, 0.108-0.128), language (0.045; 95% CI, 0.037-0.054 vs 0.041; 95% CI, 0.033-0.048), and executive functions (0.092; 95% CI, 0.086-0.099 vs 0.089; 95% CI, 0.082-0.096). For the 3MSE and ADAS-Cog, rates of change varied by baseline cognitive status (mild cognitive impairment), but there were no differences in rates of change between treatment groups (for 3MSE, P = .71; for ADAS-Cog, P = .97). There was no significant effect modification of treatment on rate of decline by age, sex, race, education, APOE*E4 allele, or baseline mild cognitive impairment (P > .05).

conclusionCompared with placebo, the use of G. biloba, 120 mg twice daily, did not result in less cognitive decline in older adults with normal cognition or with mild cognitive impairment.

trial registrationclinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00010803.

Indexed as

Ginkgo bilobaPhytotherapyAgedAged, 80 and overAgingApolipoprotein E4CognitionCognition DisordersDouble-Blind MethodFemaleHumansMaleNeuropsychological TestsPlant PreparationsApolipoprotein E4Plant Preparations

Identifiers

PMID20040554
PMCPMC2832285

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.