Trial reportArthritis and rheumatism2010
Effect of long-term belimumab treatment on B cells in systemic lupus erythematosus: extension of a phase II, double-blind, placebo-controlled, dose-ranging study.
Trial report in Arthritis and rheumatism, 2010. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 117 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
117 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 238 citations in OpenAlex.
- Beyond systemic lupus erythematosus: a systematic review on the use of belimumab in other connective tissue diseases and vasculitides.Clinical rheumatology · 2026Pooled it
- Belimumab for systemic lupus erythematosus.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2021Pooled it
- Unsupervised machine learning identifies distinct SLE patient endotypes with differential response to belimumab.Rheumatology (Oxford, England) · 2025Trial
- Belimumab treatment of adult idiopathic inflammatory myopathy.Rheumatology (Oxford, England) · 2024Trial
- B Cell Kinetics upon Therapy Commencement for Active Extrarenal Systemic Lupus Erythematosus in Relation to Development of Renal Flares: Results from Three Phase III Clinical Trials of Belimumab.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Trial
- Reductions in circulating B cell subsets and immunoglobulin G levels with long-term belimumab treatment in patients with SLE.Lupus science & medicine · 2022Trial
- Early B Cell and Plasma Cell Kinetics Upon Treatment Initiation Portend Flares in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: AFrontiers in immunology · 2022Trial
- Phase II Randomized Trial of Rituximab Plus Cyclophosphamide Followed by Belimumab for the Treatment of Lupus Nephritis.Arthritis & rheumatology (Hoboken, N.J.) · 2021Trial
- Safety, Tolerability, Pharmacokinetics, and Pharmacodynamics of Atacicept in a Randomized Trial in Healthy Caucasian and Japanese Subjects.European journal of drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics · 2020Trial
- Long-Term Safety and Efficacy of Belimumab in Patients With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: A Continuation of a Seventy-Six-Week Phase III Parent Study in the United States.Arthritis & rheumatology (Hoboken, N.J.) · 2018Trial
- Low numbers of blood and salivary natural killer cells are associated with a better response to belimumab in primary Sjögren's syndrome: results of the BELISS study.Arthritis research & therapy · 2015Trial
- Belimumab reduces autoantibodies, normalizes low complement levels, and reduces select B cell populations in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.Arthritis and rheumatism · 2012Trial
- A phase III, randomized, placebo-controlled study of belimumab, a monoclonal antibody that inhibits B lymphocyte stimulator, in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.Arthritis and rheumatism · 2011Trial
- B-cell landscape remodelling following dual BAFF/APRIL inhibition with telitacicept in lupus nephritis: extrafollicular axis clearance and its association with clinical response.Lupus science & medicine · 2026Article
- Targeting tissue immune memory in chronic-remitting autoimmune kidney diseases: current concepts and future therapies.Clinical kidney journal · 2026Review
- Mechanism-informed combination therapy and dynamic risk stratification in lupus nephritis: toward durable renal protection.Clinical rheumatology · 2026Review
- BAFF and APRIL Receptors in B Cell Immunity and Autoimmunity.Immunological reviews · 2026Review
- Decoding Lupus Diagnosis, Pathogenesis and Therapy: From Systemic Autoimmunity to Renal Damage.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Belimumab in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: From B-Cell Biology to Disease Modification.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Identification of Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor Targeting Type I Interferon and B Cell Abnormalities in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus.Arthritis & rheumatology (Hoboken, N.J.) · 2026Article
57 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTo understand the effects of long-term BLyS inhibition in human systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).
methodsSeventeen patients with SLE who were enrolled in a clinical trial of belimumab, a BLyS-specific inhibitor, plus standard of care therapy were studied. Phenotypic analysis of lymphocytes was performed using flow cytometry. Circulating antibody-secreting cells were enumerated using enzyme-linked immunospot assay. Serum was analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using an antibody that recognizes products of the V(H)4-34 gene. Lymphocyte counts, Ig levels, and anti-double-stranded DNA antibody levels were available as part of the clinical trial analyses.
resultsSamples were collected on days 0, 84, 168, 365, and 532 and after day 730. The total number of B cells started to decrease from baseline between days 84 and 168. This was due to a decrease in naive and transitional B cells. CD27+IgD+ memory B cells and plasmablasts decreased only after 532 days, whereas CD27+IgD- memory B cells were not affected, and there were no changes in T cells. Serum IgM levels began to decline between days 84 and 168, but there were no changes in serum levels of IgG, IgG anti-DNA antibodies, or V(H)4-34 antibodies during the study. SLE patients had more IgM-, IgG-, and autoantibody-producing B cells than did normal controls on day 0. There was only a modest decrease in the frequency of total IgM-producing, but not IgG-producing, cells on days 365 and 532, consistent with the phenotypic and serologic data.
conclusionOur data confirm the dependence of newly formed B cells on BLyS for survival in humans. In contrast, memory B cells and plasma cells are less susceptible to selective BLyS inhibition.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.