ArticleApplied and environmental microbiology2010
Identification of the main promoter directing cereulide biosynthesis in emetic Bacillus cereus and its application for real-time monitoring of ces gene expression in foods.
Article in Applied and environmental microbiology, 2010. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers.
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30 citing papers in PubMed, 68 citations in OpenAlex.
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- A poisonous cocktail: interplay of cereulide toxin and its structural isomers in emeticFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2024Article
- Cereulide and EmeticFoods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Genomic characterization ofFrontiers in microbiology · 2023Article
- Impact of a Novel PagR-like Transcriptional Regulator on Cereulide Toxin Synthesis in EmeticInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
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- A Flagella Hook Coding GeneFrontiers in microbiology · 2022Article
- Detection and Isolation of EmeticToxins · 2021Article
- The Food Poisoning Toxins ofToxins · 2021Review
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- Predominant Mycotoxins, Pathogenesis, Control Measures, and Detection Methods in Fermented Pastes.Toxins · 2020Review
- Bacillus cereusApplied and environmental microbiology · 2019Article
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- Monitoring the Results of Foodborne Diseases in Sentinel Hospitals in Wenzhou City, China from 2014 to 2015.Iranian journal of public health · 2018Article
- Simulating Intestinal Growth Conditions Enhances Toxin Production of EnteropathogenicFrontiers in microbiology · 2017Article
- Temperature Exerts Control ofFrontiers in microbiology · 2016Article
- Comparative Bioinformatics and Experimental Analysis of the Intergenic Regulatory Regions of Bacillus cereus hbl and nhe Enterotoxin Operons and the Impact of CodY on Virulence Heterogeneity.Frontiers in microbiology · 2016Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Cereulide, the emetic Bacillus cereus toxin, is synthesized by cereulide synthetase via a nonribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS) mechanism. Previous studies focused on the identification, structural organization, and biochemical characterization of the ces gene locus encoding cereulide synthetase; however, detailed information about the transcriptional organization of the ces genes was lacking. The present study shows that the cesPTABCD genes are transcribed as a 23-kb polycistronic transcript, while cesH, encoding a putative hydrolase, is transcribed from its own promoter. Transcription initiation was mapped by primer extension and rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE). Deletion analysis of promoter elements revealed a main promoter located upstream of the cesP coding sequence, encoding a 4'-phosphopantetheinyl transferase. This promoter drives transcription of cesPTABCD. In addition, intracistronic promoter regions in proximity to the translational start sites of cesB and cesT were identified but were only weakly active under the chosen assay conditions. The identified main promoter was amplified from the emetic reference strain B. cereus F4810/72 and fused to luciferase genes in order to study promoter activity in complex environments and to establish a biomonitoring system to assess cereulide production in different types of foods. ces promoter activity was strongly influenced by the food matrix and varied by 5 orders of magnitude. The amount of cereulide toxin extracted from spiked foods correlated well with the bioluminescence data, thus illustrating the potential of the established reporter system for monitoring of ces gene expression in complex matrices.
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