ReviewInternational journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease2009
The pathophysiology of bronchiectasis.
Review in International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05719597 (Effects of Positive Expiratory Pressure Breathing Versus Incentive Spirometry on Dyspnea and Sputum Profile in Bronchiolectasis Patients), which is not on this map. Cited by 128 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Effects of Positive Expiratory Pressure Breathing Versus Incentive Spirometry on Dyspnea and Sputum Profile in Bronchiolectasis Patients
Who cites it
128 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 243 citations in OpenAlex.
- Inhaled tobramycin for chronic pseudomonas aeruginosa infection in non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC pulmonary medicine · 2026Pooled it
- Mucolytics for children with chronic suppurative lung disease.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2025Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Distribution of Major Pathogens from Sputum and Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid in Patients with Noncystic Fibrosis Bronchiectasis: A Systematic Review.Chinese medical journal · 2015Pooled it
- Prolonged antibiotics for non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis in children and adults.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2015Pooled it
- A randomized phase I study of the safety and pharmacokinetics of BI 1291583 in healthy Japanese male subjects.British journal of clinical pharmacology · 2025Trial
- Novel cathepsin C inhibitor, BI 1291583, intended for treatment of bronchiectasis: Phase I characterization in healthy volunteers.Clinical and translational science · 2024Trial
- Effect of low-dose, long-term roxithromycin on airway inflammation and remodeling of stable noncystic fibrosis bronchiectasis.Mediators of inflammation · 2014Trial
- Ciprofloxacin dry powder for inhalation in non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis: a phase II randomised study.The European respiratory journal · 2013Trial
- Risk Factors for Secondary Immunodeficiency in the Aged.The journal of allergy and clinical immunology. In practice · 2026Review
- Comparison of clinical and microbiological features between mucoid and non-mucoidMicrobiology spectrum · 2026Article
- Pulmonary function and airflow limitation in bronchiectasis: a case-control study of two independent cohorts.BMJ open respiratory research · 2026Article
- Comparison of chest CT-derived muscle mass and body mass index in assessing disease severity and outcomes in non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis.BMC pulmonary medicine · 2026Article
- Breaking barriers in pulmonary health of patients with metabolic diseases: senolytics and beyond.Frontiers in aging · 2026Review
- Case Report: Severe bronchiectasis in three kittens with detection ofFrontiers in veterinary science · 2026Article
- MMP-7 as a non-invasive biomarker in interstitial lung diseases and other chronic respiratory diseases: a narrative review.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Review
- Hemoptysis risk in hospitalized patients with bronchiectasis: development and external validation of a clinical prediction model.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- Characterizing individuals with elevated sweat chloride results in the absence of CFTR variants.Orphanet journal of rare diseases · 2025Article
- Bronchodilator response as an independent predictor of severity in bronchiectasis.Journal of thoracic disease · 2025Article
- Inhaled Corticosteroids and the Risk of Lung Cancer in Patients with Bronchiectasis.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
68 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Bronchiectasis is defined by permanent and abnormal widening of the bronchi. This process occurs in the context of chronic airway infection and inflammation. It is usually diagnosed using computed tomography scanning to visualize the larger bronchi. Bronchiectasis is also characterized by mild to moderate airflow obstruction. This review will describe the pathophysiology of noncystic fibrosis bronchiectasis. Studies have demonstrated that the small airways in bronchiectasis are obstructed from an inflammatory infiltrate in the wall. As most of the bronchial tree is composed of small airways, the net effect is obstruction. The bronchial wall is typically thickened by an inflammatory infiltrate of lymphocytes and macrophages which may form lymphoid follicles. It has recently been demonstrated that patients with bronchiectasis have a progressive decline in lung function. There are a large number of etiologic risk factors associated with bronchiectasis. As there is generally a long-term retrospective history, it may be difficult to determine the exact role of such factors in the pathogenesis. Extremes of age and smoking/chronic obstructive pulmonary disease may be important considerations. There are a variety of different pathogens involved in bronchiectasis, but a common finding despite the presence of purulent sputum is failure to identify any pathogenic microorganisms. The bacterial flora appears to change with progression of disease.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.