ArticlePathophysiology : the official journal of the International Society for Pathophysiology2010
Lymphangiogenesis and lymphatic metastasis in breast cancer.
Article in Pathophysiology : the official journal of the International Society for Pathophysiology, 2010. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 134 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
134 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 245 citations in OpenAlex.
- Modulation of tumor-associated lymphangiogenesis by combination immunotherapy approaches in triple-negative breast cancer: a systematic review.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Pooled it
- The relationship of lymphatic vessel density, lymphovascular invasion, and lymph node metastasis in breast cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Oncotarget · 2017Pooled it
- Prognostic Significance of High VEGF-C Expression for Patients with Breast Cancer: An Update Meta Analysis.PloS one · 2016Pooled it
- Lymphatic microvessel density as a prognostic factor in non-small cell lung carcinoma: a meta-analysis of the literature.Molecular biology reports · 2012Pooled it
- Extracellular Hsp90α Promotes Tumor Lymphangiogenesis and Lymph Node Metastasis in Breast Cancer.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Trial
- Fluid Forces Control Structural Remodeling of Blind-Ended Lymphatic Microvessels.Advanced healthcare materials · 2026Article
- Therapeutic effects of cold plasma-activated water on MCF7 breast cancer tumors in a mouse model.BMC pharmacology & toxicology · 2026Article
- Role of breast edema in predicting complete response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in clinical axillary-positive breast cancer.Japanese journal of radiology · 2026Article
- SPIO-enhanced MRI for differentiating metastatic from reactive hyperplastic lymph nodes in breast cancer: diagnostic performance and association with VEGF-C expression.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- Prognostic Significance of Peritumoral and Intratumoral Lymphatic Vessels Density in Clinically Node-Negative (cN0) Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Preliminary Report.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2025Article
- Review
- Bone Marrow Myeloid-Lymphatic Progenitors Expand Tumor Lymphatic Vasculature Through Cell Fusion.Cancers · 2025Article
- Ex Vivo Model of Breast Cancer Cell Invasion in Live Lymph Node Tissue.ACS pharmacology & translational science · 2025Article
- Tumor cell-derived hyaluronan fragments induce endocytosis of S1PR1 to promote lymphangiogenesis through LYVE-1-Src pathway.Journal of Cancer · 2025Article
- Comparison of sentinel lymph node mapping patterns before and after surgical excision of mast cell tumors in dogs using indirect lymphography: A prospective clinical study.Canadian journal of veterinary research = Revue canadienne de recherche veterinaire · 2025Article
- Molecular and Cellular Machinery of Lymphatic Metastasis in Breast Cancer.OncoTargets and therapy · 2025Review
- Molecular Characterization and Interaction between Human VEGF-D and VEGFR-3.Journal of microbiology and biotechnology · 2024Article
- Cancer metastasis through the lymphatic versus blood vessels.Clinical & experimental metastasis · 2024Review
- Ex vivo model of breast cancer cell invasion in live lymph node tissue.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- Toward Characterizing Lymphatic Vasculature in the Mammary Gland During Normal Development and Tumor-Associated Remodeling.Journal of mammary gland biology and neoplasia · 2024Review
74 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Lymphatic metastasis is the main prognostic factor for survival of patients with breast cancer and other epithelial malignancies. Mounting clinical and experimental data suggest that migration of tumor cells into the lymph nodes is greatly facilitated by lymphangiogenesis, a process that generates new lymphatic vessels from pre-existing lymphatics with the aid of circulating lymphatic endothelial progenitor cells. The key protein that induces lymphangiogenesis is vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-3 (VEGFR-3), which is activated by vascular endothelial growth factor-C and -D (VEGF-C and VEGF-D). These lymphangiogenic factors are commonly expressed in malignant, tumor-infiltrating and stromal cells, creating a favorable environment for generation of new lymphatic vessels. Clinical evidence demonstrates that increased lymphatic vessel density in and around tumors is associated with lymphatic metastasis and reduced patient survival. Recent evidence shows that breast cancers induce remodeling of the local lymphatic vessels and the regional lymphatic network in the sentinel and distal lymph nodes. These changes include an increase in number and diameter of tumor-draining lymphatic vessels. Consequently, lymph flow away from the tumor is increased, which significantly increases tumor cell metastasis to draining lymph nodes and may contribute to systemic spread. Collectively, recent advances in the biology of tumor-induced lymphangiogenesis suggest that chemical inhibitors of this process may be an attractive target for inhibiting tumor metastasis and cancer-related death. Nevertheless, this is a relatively new field of study and much remains to be established before the concept of tumor-induced lymphangiogenesis is accepted as a viable anti-metastatic target. This review summarizes the current concepts related to breast cancer lymphangiogenesis and lymphatic metastasis while highlighting controversies and unanswered questions.
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.