ArticleInternational journal of methods in psychiatric research2009
The structure of mental disorders re-examined: is it developmentally stable and robust against additions?
Article in International journal of methods in psychiatric research, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 35 papers.
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Who cites it
35 citing papers in PubMed.
- Cognitive arbitration between candidate dimensions of psychopathology.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Article
- Common Cause Versus Dynamic Mutualism: An Empirical Comparison of Two Theories of Psychopathology in Two Large Longitudinal Cohorts.Clinical psychological science : a journal of the Association for Psychological Science · 2024Article
- The Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP) Is Not an Improvement Over the DSM.Clinical psychological science : a journal of the Association for Psychological Science · 2022Article
- Folk Classification and Factor Rotations: Whales, Sharks, and the Problems With the Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP).Clinical psychological science : a journal of the Association for Psychological Science · 2022Article
- Validity and utility of Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP): III. Emotional dysfunction superspectrum.World psychiatry : official journal of the World Psychiatric Association (WPA) · 2022Article
- Validity and utility of Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP): II. Externalizing superspectrum.World psychiatry : official journal of the World Psychiatric Association (WPA) · 2021Article
- Patterns of Homotypic and Heterotypic Continuity Between ADHD Symptoms, Externalising and Internalising Problems from Age 7 to 15.Journal of abnormal child psychology · 2020Article
- An empirically derived recommendation for the classification of body dysmorphic disorder: Findings from structural equation modeling.PloS one · 2020Article
- "Throwing out the baby with the bathwater"? Conceptual and methodological limitations of the HiTOP approach.World psychiatry : official journal of the World Psychiatric Association (WPA) · 2018Article
- Externalizing Behavior Across Childhood as Reported by Parents and Teachers: A Partial Measurement Invariance Model.Assessment · 2018Article
- Specificity of executive functioning and processing speed problems in common psychopathology.Neuropsychology · 2017Article
- Toward a Functional View of the P Factor in Psychopathology.Clinical psychological science : a journal of the Association for Psychological Science · 2017Article
- Phenotypic factor analysis of psychopathology reveals a new body-related transdiagnostic factor.PloS one · 2017Article
- Stress responsivity and the structure of common mental disorders: Transdiagnostic internalizing and externalizing dimensions are associated with contrasting stress appraisal biases.Journal of abnormal psychology · 2016Article
- Understanding comorbidity among internalizing problems: Integrating latent structural models of psychopathology and risk mechanisms.Development and psychopathology · 2016Review
- Symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder but not panic disorder at age 15 years increase the risk of depression at 18 years in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) cohort study.Psychological medicine · 2016Article
- The Philadelphia Neurodevelopmental Cohort: constructing a deep phenotyping collaborative.Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines · 2015Article
- The 'Early Developmental Stages of Psychopathology (EDSP) study': a 20-year review of methods and findings.Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology · 2015Review
- Disorders without borders: current and future directions in the meta-structure of mental disorders.Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology · 2015Review
- Transdiagnostic factors of psychopathology and substance use disorders: a review.Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology · 2015Review
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
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Abstract
Previous research suggests that patterns of comorbidity of a limited number of anxiety, depressive, substance use and antisocial personality (ASP) disorders among adults are best reflected by a hierarchical three-factor structure with two correlated factors ('anxious-misery' and 'fear') that are summarized in a second-order 'internalizing' factor and one 'externalizing' factor. It has not been examined whether this structure is developmentally stable and robust against additions of more diagnoses. Using data from a prospective-longitudinal community study of adolescents and young adults we re-evaluate the three-factor model originally proposed by Krueger (Archives of General Psychiatry, 1999; 56, 921-926). Using confirmatory factor analysis with identical conventions as in Krueger's original work we found that the three factor model did not fit robustly across age or a wider range of diagnoses. Using explanatory factor analysis we examined alternative structures. We found various clinically meaningful patterns with good fit that go substantially beyond the original three-factor structure. However, again, there is little consistency in findings when different age groups or different diagnoses are considered. Our findings suggest that psychopathology cannot be reduced to any simple structure.
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