ArticleClinical and vaccine immunology : CVI2010
Real-time PCR with serum samples is indispensable for early diagnosis of acute Q fever.
Article in Clinical and vaccine immunology : CVI, 2010. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 123 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
123 citing papers in PubMed.
- Epidemiological investigation of a clinical case of Q fever in the Brazilian Amazon.Parasite epidemiology and control · 2026Article
- Retrospective Analysis of Chronic Q Fever Cases at a Tertiary Care Center From 2007 to 2023.Open forum infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Q fever outbreak in a slaughterhouse in Brazil: description and decade-later investigation.Infection · 2026Article
- Efficacy of Inhalational Ciprofloxacin (Apulmiq) in an NHP Model of Q Fever.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Prevalence of tick-borne pathogens in ixodid ticks collected from domestic animals in southeast Iran.New microbes and new infections · 2026Article
- Molecular frequency ofNew microbes and new infections · 2026Article
- Article
- Molecular detection of Coxiella burnetii in vaginal and rectal swab samples of small ruminants from Kermanshah Province, western Iran.BMC veterinary research · 2026Article
- Impact ofFrontiers in veterinary science · 2026Article
- Molecular characterization ofFrontiers in veterinary science · 2026Article
- Review
- A Comprehensive Review of the Mechanisms of Human Q Fever: Pathogenesis and Pathophysiology.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- One health approach based descriptive study on Coxiella burnetii infections in camels and abattoir workers in the United Arab Emirates.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Molecular assessment ofIranian journal of microbiology · 2025Article
- Comparison of Paired Immunofluorescent Antibody Serology and Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction Testing for the Detection of Acute Q Fever among Febrile Patients in Kilimanjaro, Tanzania, 2012-2014.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2025Article
- Evaluation of Risk Factors Influencing Tick-Borne Infections in Livestock Through Molecular Analyses.Microorganisms · 2025Article
- Prevalence of Acute Q Fever Among High-Risk Patients With Fever and Pneumonia Symptoms in Western Iran.Journal of tropical medicine · 2025Article
- Acute Q fever in patients with an influenza-like illness in regional New South Wales, Australia.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2024Article
- Characterising Eastern Grey Kangaroos (Microorganisms · 2024Article
- Molecular Detection ofJournal of arthropod-borne diseases · 2024Article
63 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The world's largest Q fever outbreak is ongoing in The Netherlands with around 3,000 confirmed cases since the first half of 2007. Increased awareness has resulted in early referral of patients for diagnostics. An important drawback to serological diagnosis of acute Q fever is the lag phase in antibody response. Therefore, we evaluated the performance of a real-time PCR for detection of Coxiella burnetii DNA using serum samples from patients with acute Q fever. PCR, targeting IS1111, was retrospectively performed on acute-phase and follow-up convalescent-phase serum samples from 65 patients with acute Q fever as diagnosed by immunofluorescence assay. The results obtained by PCR were related to disease stage as defined by subsequent appearance of phase II IgM, phase II IgG, phase I IgM, and phase I IgG (IgM-II, IgG-II, IgM-I, and IgG-I, respectively) antibodies and time since onset of disease. In addition, we analyzed seronegative acute-phase serum samples from patients with inconclusive Q fever serology, because no convalescent-phase serum samples were available. PCR was scored positive in 49/50 (98%) seronegative sera, 9/10 (90%) sera with isolated IgM-II antibodies, 3/13 (23%) sera with IgM-II/IgG-II antibodies, 2/41 (5%) sera with IgM-II/IgG-II/IgM-I antibodies, 0/15 (0%) sera with IgM-II/IgG-II/IgM-I/IgG-I antibodies, and 0/1 (0%) serum sample with IgM-II/IgG-II/IgG-I antibodies. The latest time point after onset of disease in which C. burnetii DNA could be detected was at day 17. In patients with inconclusive Q fever serology, PCR was positive in 5/50 (10%) cases. We conclude that real-time PCR with serum samples is indispensable for early diagnosis of acute Q fever. C. burnetii DNA becomes undetectable in serum as the serological response develops.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.