ArticleOphthalmology2010
Detection of bacterial endosymbionts in clinical acanthamoeba isolates.
Article in Ophthalmology, 2010. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 69 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
69 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- The Implication of Horizontal Gene Transfer BetweenPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Pooled it
- Diagnosing Cutaneous leishmaniasis using FluorescencePathogens and global health · 2019Pooled it
- Oxidative Stress and Redox Imbalance inInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Genome Sequence Data Reveal Complex and Variable Ploidy in the Amoebozoan Acanthamoeba castellanii.Genome biology and evolution · 2026Article
- Genomic Landscape Reveals Correlation of Endosymbiont Ralstonia With Acanthamoeba Keratitis Severity.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2026Article
- Occupationally Acquired Polymicrobial Keratitis Caused by Acanthamoeba and Rare Enteric Bacteria Following Gastrointestinal Splash Exposure: A Case Report.Case reports in infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Clinical presentation, genotypic diversity, and intracellular bacteria inIJID regions · 2025Article
- Achromobacter in the Conjunctival Sac Microbiota: Potential Association With Acanthamoeba Keratitis Related to Orthokeratology Lenses.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2025Article
- Navigating the Challenges of Acanthamoeba Keratitis: Current Trends and Future Directions.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Environmentally derived Balamuthia mandrillaris contains endosymbiotic bacteria.Parasitology research · 2025Article
- The Phase-Specific Dynamics in Gene Expression of Salmonella Typhimurium During Acanthamoeba castellanii Infection.Current microbiology · 2025Article
- The fate of artificial transgenes in Acanthamoeba castellanii.BMC genomics · 2025Article
- Fungal keratitis complicating the diagnosis ofMedical mycology case reports · 2025Article
- Prevalence of HSV Genomic Signatures Among Acanthamoeba Hosts and Contaminated Lens Cases: A Molecular and Clinical Study.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2025Article
- Isolation of Acanthamoeba Species and Bacterial Symbiont Variability in Puna Salt Plains, Argentina.Environmental microbiology reports · 2025Article
- The COVID-19 pandemic: an underlying factor for increasedFrontiers in microbiology · 2025Review
- The hidden dancers in water: the symbiotic mystery ofFrontiers in microbiology · 2025Review
- Concomitant Potentially Contagious Factors Detected in Poland and RegardingMicroorganisms · 2024Article
- Oxford Nanopore Technology-Based Identification of anMicroorganisms · 2024Article
- Comparative genomic analysis ofmSphere · 2024Article
9 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
purposeTo determine the presence of 4 clinically relevant bacterial endosymbionts in Acanthamoeba isolates obtained from patients with Acanthamoeba keratitis (AK) and the possible contribution of endosymbionts to the pathogenesis of AK.
designExperimental study.
participantsAcanthamoeba isolates (N = 37) recovered from the cornea and contact lens paraphernalia of 23 patients with culture-proven AK and 1 environmental isolate.
methodsAcanthamoeba isolates were evaluated for the presence of microbial endosymbionts belonging to the bacterial genera Legionella, Pseudomonas, Mycobacterium, and Chlamydia using molecular techniques (polymerase chain reaction and sequence analysis, fluorescence in situ hybridization) and transmission electron microscopy. Corneal toxicity and virulence of Acanthamoeba isolates with and without endosymbionts were compared using a cytopathic effect (CPE) assay on human corneal epithelial cells in vitro. Initial visual acuity, location and characteristics of the infiltrate, time to detection of the infection, and symptom duration at presentation were evaluated in all patients.
main outcome measuresPrevalence and potential pathobiology of bacterial endosymbionts detected in Acanthamoeba isolates recovered from AK.
resultsTwenty-two (59.4%) of the 38 cultures examined contained at least 1 bacterial endosymbiont. One isolate contained 2 endosymbionts, Legionella and Chlamydia, confirmed by fluorescence in situ hybridization. Corneal toxicity (CPE) was significantly higher for Acanthamoeba-hosting endosymbionts compared with isolates without endosymbionts (P<0.05). Corneal pathogenic endosymbionts such as Pseudomonas and Mycobacterium enhanced Acanthamoeba CPE significantly more than Legionella (P<0.05). In the presence of bacterial endosymbionts, there was a trend toward worse initial visual acuity (P>0.05), central location (P<0.05), absence of radial perineuritis (P<0.05), delayed time to detection (P>0.05), and longer symptom duration at presentation (P>0.05).
conclusionsMost Acanthamoeba isolates responsible for AK harbor 1 or more bacterial endosymbionts. The presence of endosymbionts enhances the corneal pathogenicity of Acanthamoeba isolates and may impact detection time and clinical features of AK.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.