ReviewImmunology2010
The extensive polymorphism of KIR genes.
Review in Immunology, 2010. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 141 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
141 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Systematic review and meta-analytic findings on the association between killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptor genes and susceptibility to pulmonary tuberculosis.Pathogens and global health · 2021Pooled it
- Association study between KIR polymorphisms and rheumatoid arthritis disease: an updated meta-analysis.BMC medical genetics · 2019Pooled it
- Improving selection of patients with metastatic colorectal cancer to benefit from cetuximab based on KIR genotypes.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2021Trial
- Ocular toxoplasmosis: susceptibility in respect to the genes encoding the KIR receptors and their HLA class I ligands.Scientific reports · 2016Trial
- HLA class I, KIR, and genome-wide SNP diversity in the RV144 Thai phase 3 HIV vaccine clinical trial.Immunogenetics · 2014Trial
- Differential impact of inhibitory and activating Killer Ig-Like Receptors (KIR) on high-risk patients with myeloid and lymphoid malignancies undergoing reduced intensity transplantation from haploidentical related donors.Bone marrow transplantation · 2012Trial
- High KIR diversity in Uganda and Botswana children living with HIV.Human immunology · 2026Article
- Examining the association between fetal HLA-C, maternal KIR haplotypes and birth weight.PLoS genetics · 2026Article
- A genetic fingerprint associated with durable HIV remission after interruption of antiretroviral treatment: ANRS VISCONTI/PRIMO.Med (New York, N.Y.) · 2025Article
- Review
- Managing allorejection in off-the-shelf CAR-engineered cell therapies.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2025Review
- Review
- Genetic Polymorphisms of Immunity Regulatory Genes and Alopecia Areata Susceptibility in Jordanian Patients.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2024Article
- Unveiling the Significance of HLA and KIR Diversity in Underrepresented Populations.Biomedicines · 2024Review
- ITAM-based receptors in natural killer cells.Immunological reviews · 2024Review
- Association of KIR Genes with Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Infection in South Koreans.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- Advancing precision in histocompatibility and immunogenetics: a comprehensive review of the UCLA exchange program.Frontiers in genetics · 2024Article
- Geny: a genotyping tool for allelic decomposition of killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor genes.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- The nexus of natural killer cells and melanoma tumor microenvironment: crosstalk, chemotherapeutic potential, and innovative NK cell-based therapeutic strategies.Cancer cell international · 2023Review
- The KIR2DL1 intermediate upstream element participates in gene activation.Immunogenetics · 2023Article
81 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The functions of human natural killer (NK) cells are controlled by diverse families of antigen receptors. Prominent among these are the killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIR), a family of genes clustered in one of the most variable regions of the human genome. Within this review we discuss the vast polymorphism of the KIR gene complex which rivals that of the human leucocyte antigen (HLA) complex. There are several aspects to this polymorphism. Initially there is presence/absence of individual KIR genes, with four of these genes, termed framework genes, being present in all individuals tested to date, except on those very occasional instances when the gene has been deleted. Within each gene, alleles are present at different frequencies. We provide details of a new website that enables convenient searching for data on KIR gene, allele and genotype frequencies in different populations and show how these frequencies vary in different worldwide populations and the high probability of individuals differing in their KIR repertoire when both gene and allele polymorphism is considered. The KIR genes present in an individual may be classified into A and/or B haplotypes, which respectively have a more inhibitory role or a more activating role on the function of the NK cell. Family studies have been used to ascertain the make-up of these haplotypes, inclusion of allele typing enabling determination of whether one or two copies of a particular gene is present. In addition to genetic diversification the KIR gene complex shows differences at the functional level with different alleles having different protein expression levels and different avidity with their HLA ligand.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.