ArticleThe journal of histochemistry and cytochemistry : official journal of the Histochemistry Society2010
Immunocytochemical localization of sex steroid hormone receptors in normal human mammary gland.
Article in The journal of histochemistry and cytochemistry : official journal of the Histochemistry Society, 2010. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers.
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Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 53 citations in OpenAlex.
- Late gestational exposure to flutamide alters stromal composition and immune landscape in the rat mammary gland during pre-puberty, peri-puberty, and adulthood.Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology · 2026Article
- An in utero exposure to the synthetic estrogen diethylstilbestrol affects the fat pad composition in post-natal mammary glands.Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology · 2026Article
- The rat mammary gland undergoes dynamic transcriptomic and lipidomic modifications from pre-puberty to adulthood.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Effects of the Overexpression of Progesterone Receptors on a Precancer p53 and Rb-Defective Human Fallopian Tube Epithelial Cell Line.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Morphological Features and Immunohistochemical Profiling of Male Breast Gynaecomastia; A Large Tissue Microarray Study.Frontiers in oncology · 2022Article
- Non-canonical Estrogen Signaling in Endocrine Resistance.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2019Review
- Relationship between morphological development and sex hormone receptor expression of mammary glands with age in male rats.Experimental animals · 2018Article
- Characterization of primary human mammary epithelial cells isolated and propagated by conditional reprogrammed cell culture.Oncotarget · 2018Article
- The Tissue-Selective Estrogen Complex (Bazedoxifene/Conjugated Estrogens) for the Treatment of Menopause.International journal of endocrinology · 2017Review
- Luminal STAT5 mediates H2AX promoter activity in distinct population of basal mammary epithelial cells.Oncotarget · 2016Article
- Hormone-sensing mammary epithelial progenitors: emerging identity and hormonal regulation.Journal of mammary gland biology and neoplasia · 2015Review
- Importance of Breast Cancer Subtype in the Development of Androgen Receptor Directed Therapy.Current breast cancer reports · 2014Article
- Support of a bi-faceted role of estrogen receptor β (ERβ) in ERα-positive breast cancer cells.Endocrine-related cancer · 2014Article
- Oestrogen receptors in breast cancer: basic mechanisms and clinical implications.Ecancermedicalscience · 2013Review
- Estrogen receptors and human disease: an update.Archives of toxicology · 2012Review
- Androgen resistance in female mice increases susceptibility to DMBA-induced mammary tumors.Hormones & cancer · 2012Article
- Androgen receptor expression predicts breast cancer survival: the role of genetic and epigenetic events.BMC cancer · 2012Article
- Serine protease PRSS23 is upregulated by estrogen receptor α and associated with proliferation of breast cancer cells.PloS one · 2012Article
- Article
- Estrogen regulation of duodenal bicarbonate secretion and sex-specific protection of human duodenum.Gastroenterology · 2011Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The sex steroids, estrogens, progesterone, and androgens, all play a role in mammary development and function. To precisely identify the sites of action of these steroids, we studied the localization of the estrogen receptor alpha (ERalpha) and ERbeta, the progesterone receptor A (PRA) and PRB, and androgen receptors (AR) in the normal human mammary gland. Immunocytochemical localization of ERalpha, ERbeta, PRA, PRB, and AR was performed with reduction mammoplasty specimens from premenopausal women. ERalpha, PRA, PRB, and AR were localized mostly to the inner layer of epithelial cells lining acini and intralobular ducts, as well as to myoepithelial cells scattered in the external layer of interlobular ducts. AR was also found in some stromal cells. ERbeta staining was more widespread, resulting in epithelial and myoepithelial cells being labeled in acini and ducts as well as stromal cells. These results suggest that all sex steroids can directly act on epithelial cells to modulate development and function of the human mammary gland. Estrogens and androgens can also indirectly influence epithelial cell activity by an action on stromal cells.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.