ArticleEnvironmental health perspectives2009
Postnatal cadmium exposure, neurodevelopment, and blood pressure in children at 2, 5, and 7 years of age.
Article in Environmental health perspectives, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 38 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
38 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 116 citations in OpenAlex.
- Cadmium exposures and deteriorations of cognitive abilities: estimation of a reference dose for mixture risk assessments based on a systematic review and confidence rating.Environmental health : a global access science source · 2022Pooled it
- Contributions of a Child's Built, Natural, and Social Environments to Their General Cognitive Ability: A Systematic Scoping Review.PloS one · 2016Pooled it
- Elevated serum polybrominated diphenyl ethers and alteration of thyroid hormones in children from Guiyu, China.PloS one · 2014Trial
- The impact of succimer chelation on blood cadmium in children with background exposures: a randomized trial.The Journal of pediatrics · 2013Trial
- Article
- Cadmium Toxicity in Children and Its Detection Using Colorimetric and Fluorimetric Methods.Journal of fluorescence · 2025Review
- The effects of developmental cadmium exposure on health and disease.Disease models & mechanisms · 2025Review
- Clinical guidelines for the diagnosis, evaluation, and management of hypertension for Korean children and adolescents: the Korean Working Group of Pediatric Hypertension.Kidney research and clinical practice · 2025Article
- Role of SIRT1 in Potentially Toxic Trace Elements (Lead, Fluoride, Aluminum and Cadmium) Associated Neurodevelopmental Toxicity.Biological trace element research · 2024Review
- Neurotoxicology of metals and metallic nanoparticles inAdvances in neurotoxicology · 2023Article
- Associations among prenatal and postnatal arsenic, lead, and cadmium exposures and motor development in 3-year-old children: a longitudinal birth cohort study in Taiwan.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2022Article
- Association between placental toxic metal exposure and NICU Network Neurobehavioral Scales (NNNS) profiles in the Rhode Island Child Health Study (RICHS).Environmental research · 2022Article
- Developmental toxicity of cadmium in infants and children: a review.Environmental analysis, health and toxicology · 2021Article
- Prenatal metal mixtures and child blood pressure in the Rhea mother-child cohort in Greece.Environmental health : a global access science source · 2021Article
- Kaempferol Protects Against Cadmium Chloride-Induced Memory Loss and Hippocampal Apoptosis by Increased Intracellular Glutathione Stores and Activation of PTEN/AMPK Induced Inhibition of Akt/mTOR Signaling.Neurochemical research · 2020Article
- The Effect of Prenatal Cadmium Exposure on Attention-deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in 6-Year-old Children in Korea.Journal of preventive medicine and public health = Yebang Uihakhoe chi · 2020Article
- Effects of Cadmium on ZO-1 Tight Junction Integrity of the Blood Brain Barrier.International journal of molecular sciences · 2019Article
- Early life and adolescent arsenic exposure from drinking water and blood pressure in adolescence.Environmental research · 2019Article
- A cross-sectional study of water arsenic exposure and intellectual function in adolescence in Araihazar, Bangladesh.Environment international · 2018Article
- Perinatal and childhood exposure to environmental chemicals and blood pressure in children: a review of literature 2007-2017.Pediatric research · 2018Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundAdverse health effects of cadmium in adults are well documented, but little is known about the neuropsychological effects of cadmium in children, and no studies of cadmium and blood pressure in children have been conducted.
objectiveWe examined the potential effects of low-level cadmium exposure on intelligence quotient, neuropsychological functions, behavior, and blood pressure among children, using blood cadmium as a measure of exposure.
methodsWe used the data from a multicenter randomized clinical trial of lead-exposed children and analyzed blood cadmium concentrations using the whole blood samples collected when children were 2 years of age. We compared neuropsychological and behavioral scores at 2, 5, and 7 years of age by cadmium level and analyzed the relationship between blood cadmium levels at 2 years of age and systolic and diastolic blood pressure at 2, 5, and 7 years of age.
resultsThe average cadmium concentration of these children was 0.21 microg/L, lower than for adults in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), but comparable to concentrations in children < 3 years of age in NHANES. Except for the California Verbal Learning Test for Children, there were no differences in test scores among children in different cadmium categories. For children with detectable pretreatment blood cadmium, after adjusting for a variety of covariates, general linear model analyses showed that at none of the three age points was the coefficient of cadmium on Mental Development Index or IQ statistically significant. Spline regression analysis suggested that behavioral problem scores at 5 and 7 years of age tended to increase with increasing blood cadmium, but the trend was not significant. We found no significant associations between blood cadmium levels and blood pressure.
conclusionWe found no significant associations between background blood cadmium levels at 2 years of age and neurodevelopmental end points and blood pressure at 2, 5, and 7 years of age. The neuropsychological or hypertensive effects from longer background exposures to cadmium need further study.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.