Trial reportThe New England journal of medicine2009
MMP12, lung function, and COPD in high-risk populations.
Trial report in The New England journal of medicine, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT00021840 (Genetic Epidemiology of Asthma in Costa Rica), which is not on this map. Cited by 176 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Genetic Epidemiology of Asthma in Costa Rica
Who cites it
176 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 373 citations in OpenAlex.
- Meta-Analysis Based on Nonconvex Regularization.Scientific reports · 2020Pooled it
- Risk loci for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a genome-wide association study and meta-analysis.The Lancet. Respiratory medicine · 2014Pooled it
- Genetic polymorphism of matrix metalloproteinase family and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease susceptibility: a meta-analysis.Scientific reports · 2013Pooled it
- Effect of physical training on airway inflammation in bronchial asthma: a systematic review.BMC pulmonary medicine · 2013Pooled it
- Importance of hedgehog interacting protein and other lung function genes in asthma.The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology · 2011Pooled it
- MMP-2 and TIMP-1 predict healing of WTC-lung injury in New York City firefighters.Respiratory research · 2014Trial
- Optimization of total protein and activity assays for the detection of MMP-12 in induced human sputum.BMC pulmonary medicine · 2010Trial
- Review
- Epithelial QKI Protects Against Emphysema by Maintaining Mitochondrial Integrity.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Article
- The alarmin interleukin-33 modulates platelet proteome, function, and biogenesis.Blood advances · 2026Article
- New approaches to uncover COPD pathobiology and develop therapies.JCI insight · 2026Review
- NRICM102, a TCM Formula, Attenuates COPD-Relevant Inflammatory Lung Injury in Mice by Improving Pulmonary Function and Reversing Immune Dysregulation.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Novel murine partial tracheal occlusion model with altered respiratory dynamics.American journal of physiology. Lung cellular and molecular physiology · 2025Article
- Matrix metalloproteinases and disease severity among PI*MZ and PI*ZZ individuals in the Genomic Research in Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Deficiency and Sarcoidosis (GRADS) cohort.BMJ open respiratory research · 2025Article
- Global proteomic analysis ofmSystems · 2025Article
- Low Lung Function in Middle-Aged Smokers Impacts Health Status, Morbidities, and Mortality: An Observational Analysis of the Lovelace Smokers Cohort.Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (Miami, Fla.) · 2025Article
- Article
- Proteomic discovery analysis of quantitatively assessed emphysema in the general population. The MESA Lung Study.Respiratory research · 2025Article
- Proteomic biomarkers of long-term lung function decline in textile workers: a 35-year longitudinal study.Journal of exposure science & environmental epidemiology · 2025Article
116 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
26 authors at 9 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundGenetic variants influencing lung function in children and adults may ultimately lead to the development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), particularly in high-risk groups.
methodsWe tested for an association between single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the gene encoding matrix metalloproteinase 12 (MMP12) and a measure of lung function (prebronchodilator forced expiratory volume in 1 second [FEV(1)]) in more than 8300 subjects in seven cohorts that included children and adults. Within the Normative Aging Study (NAS), a cohort of initially healthy adult men, we tested for an association between SNPs that were associated with FEV(1) and the time to the onset of COPD. We then examined the relationship between MMP12 SNPs and COPD in two cohorts of adults with COPD or at risk for COPD.
resultsThe minor allele (G) of a functional variant in the promoter region of MMP12 (rs2276109 [-82A-->G]) was positively associated with FEV(1) in a combined analysis of children with asthma and adult former and current smokers in all cohorts (P=2x10(-6)). This allele was also associated with a reduced risk of the onset of COPD in the NAS cohort (hazard ratio, 0.65; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.46 to 0.92; P=0.02) and with a reduced risk of COPD in a cohort of smokers (odds ratio, 0.63; 95% CI, 0.45 to 0.88; P=0.005) and among participants in a family-based study of early-onset COPD (P=0.006).
conclusionsThe minor allele of a SNP in MMP12 (rs2276109) is associated with a positive effect on lung function in children with asthma and in adults who smoke. This allele is also associated with a reduced risk of COPD in adult smokers.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.