ArticleThe Journal of biological chemistry2010
CUG start codon generates thioredoxin/glutathione reductase isoforms in mouse testes.
Article in The Journal of biological chemistry, 2010. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 35 papers.
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Who cites it
35 citing papers in PubMed, 51 citations in OpenAlex.
- Elovanoid-N34 modulates TXNRD1 key in protection against oxidative stress-related diseases.Cell death & disease · 2023Article
- A CUG-initiated CATSPERθ functions in the CatSper channel assembly and serves as a checkpoint for flagellar trafficking.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2023Article
- Critical Roles of the Cysteine-Glutathione Axis in the Production of γ-Glutamyl Peptides in the Nervous System.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- A CUG-initiated CATSPERθ functions in the CatSper channel assembly and serves as a checkpoint for flagellar trafficking.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2023Article
- Article
- The Role of PTEN-L in Modulating PINK1-Parkin-Mediated Mitophagy.Neurotoxicity research · 2022Review
- The Emerging Roles of Antioxidant Enzymes by Dietary Phytochemicals in Vascular Diseases.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- Mammalian Alternative Translation Initiation Is Mostly Nonadaptive.Molecular biology and evolution · 2020Article
- Alternative Splicing of the Delta-Opioid Receptor Gene Suggests Existence of New Functional Isoforms.Molecular neurobiology · 2019Article
- Selenoproteins in colon cancer.Free radical biology & medicine · 2018Review
- Discovery of noncanonical translation initiation sites through mass spectrometric analysis of protein N termini.Genome research · 2018Article
- Expression of PTEN-long mediated by CRISPR/Cas9 can repress U87 cell proliferation.Journal of cellular and molecular medicine · 2017Article
- Ribosomal selection of mRNAs with degenerate initiation triplets.Nucleic acids research · 2017Article
- A novel VHLα isoform inhibits Warburg effect via modulation of PKM splicing.Tumour biology : the journal of the International Society for Oncodevelopmental Biology and Medicine · 2016Article
- Paradoxical Roles of Antioxidant Enzymes: Basic Mechanisms and Health Implications.Physiological reviews · 2016Review
- Selective Factors Associated with the Evolution of Codon Usage in Natural Populations of Arboviruses.PloS one · 2016Article
- A PTEN translational isoform has PTEN-like activity.Chinese journal of cancer research = Chung-kuo yen cheng yen chiu · 2015Article
- Selenoproteins: molecular pathways and physiological roles.Physiological reviews · 2014Review
- PTENα, a PTEN isoform translated through alternative initiation, regulates mitochondrial function and energy metabolism.Cell metabolism · 2014Article
- Non-canonical translation start sites in the TMEM16A chloride channel.Biochimica et biophysica acta · 2014Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Mammalian cytosolic and mitochondrial thioredoxin reductases are essential selenocysteine-containing enzymes that control thioredoxin functions. Thioredoxin/glutathione reductase (TGR) is a third member of this enzyme family. It has an additional glutaredoxin domain and shows highest expression in testes. Herein, we found that human and several other mammalian TGR genes lack any AUG codons that could function in translation initiation. Although mouse and rat TGRs have such codons, we detected protein sequences upstream of them by immunoblot assays and direct proteomic analyses. Further gene engineering and expression analyses demonstrated that a CUG codon, located upstream of the sequences previously thought to initiate translation, is the actual start codon in mouse TGR. The use of this codon relies on the Kozak consensus sequence and ribosome-scanning mechanism. However, CUG serves as an inefficient start codon that allows downstream initiation, thus generating two isoforms of the enzyme in vivo and in vitro. The use of CUG evolved in mammalian TGRs, and in some of these organisms, GUG is used instead. The newly discovered longer TGR form shows cytosolic localization in cultured cells and is expressed in spermatids in mouse testes. This study shows that CUG codon is used as an inefficient start codon to generate protein isoforms in mouse.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.