ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2009
Transcriptional response in the peripheral blood of patients infected with Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 53 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
53 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 89 citations in OpenAlex.
- Host Transcriptional Meta-signatures Reveal Diagnostic Biomarkers for Plasmodium falciparum Malaria.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2024Pooled it
- Interferon-driven alterations of the host's amino acid metabolism in the pathogenesis of typhoid fever.The Journal of experimental medicine · 2016Trial
- circ-0001875 downregulation is associated with M1 macrophage activation and lung inflammation in severe asthma.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Unraveling Macrophage Polarization: Functions, Mechanisms, and "Double-Edged Sword" Roles in Host Antiviral Immune Responses.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Systems and computational analysis of gene expression datasets reveals GRB-2 suppression as an acute immunomodulatory response against enteric infections in endemic settings.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Typhoid fever.Nature reviews. Disease primers · 2023Review
- Nifuratel reducesMicrobiology spectrum · 2023Article
- A robust host-response-based signature distinguishes bacterial and viral infections across diverse global populations.Cell reports. Medicine · 2022Article
- Understanding the Mechanism of Antimicrobial Resistance and Pathogenesis ofMicroorganisms · 2022Review
- Revisiting PersistentPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- Enteric Fever Diagnosis: Current Challenges and Future Directions.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- Da-Huang-Fu-Zi-Tang Ameliorates Severe Acute Pancreatitis by Elevation of M2 Kupffer Cells in Rats.Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine : eCAM · 2021Article
- Altered Patterns of Compositional and Functional Disruption of the Gut Microbiota in Typhoid Fever and Nontyphoidal Febrile Illness.Open forum infectious diseases · 2020Article
- Transfection of hard-to-transfect primary human macrophages withRNA biology · 2020Article
- Article
- The Role of TSC1 in the Macrophages AgainstFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2020Article
- Diagnostic host gene signature for distinguishing enteric fever from other febrile diseases.EMBO molecular medicine · 2019Article
- Typhoid and paratyphoid fever: a call to action.Current opinion in infectious diseases · 2018Review
- Role of Human Macrophage Polarization in Inflammation during Infectious Diseases.International journal of molecular sciences · 2018Review
- Genome-wide host RNA signatures of infectious diseases: discovery and clinical translation.Immunology · 2018Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
17 authors at 7 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
Abstract
We used microarrays and transcriptional profiling of peripheral blood to investigate the host response of 29 individuals who contracted typhoid fever in the Mekong Delta region of Vietnam. Samples were taken over a nine month period encompassing acute disease, convalescence, and recovery. We found that typhoid fever induced a distinct and highly reproducible signature in the peripheral blood that changed during treatment and convalescence, returning in the majority of cases to the "normal" profile as measured in healthy uninfected controls. Unexpectedly, there was a strong, distinct signature of convalescence present at day 9 after infection that remained virtually unchanged one month after acute infection and in some cases persisted as long as nine months despite a complete clinical recovery in all patients. Patients who retain the convalescent signature may be genetically or temporarily incapable of developing an effective immune response and may be more susceptible to reinfection, relapse, or the establishment of a carrier state.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.