Trial reportPLoS neglected tropical diseases2009
Discrepant prevalence and incidence of Leishmania infection between two neighboring villages in Central Mali based on Leishmanin skin test surveys.
Trial report in PLoS neglected tropical diseases, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 18 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Active Surveillance for Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Mali
Sentinel Surveillance of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Sub-Saharan Africa Based on Non-invasive Molecular Diagnostics: Mapping of Human Cases, Description of Leishamania Species Involved
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Uncharted territory of the epidemiological burden of cutaneous leishmaniasis in sub-Saharan Africa-A systematic review.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2018Pooled it
- Evidence Gaps and Global Patterns in Leishmaniasis Control: A Scoping Review of Clinical, Diagnostic, and Treatment Strategies.Journal of parasitology research · 2026Review
- Molecular detection of Leishmania major human infections in the Zinder area, Niger.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Individuals co-exposed to sand fly saliva and filarial parasites exhibit altered monocyte function.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2021Article
- Prevalence of Leishmania infection in three communities of Oti Region, Ghana.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2021Article
- Immunity to vector saliva is compromised by short sand fly seasons in endemic regions with temperate climates.Scientific reports · 2020Article
- Impact of insecticide-treated bednets and indoor residual spraying in controlling populations of Phlebotomus duboscqi, the vector of Leishmania major in Central Mali.Parasites & vectors · 2018Article
- A cross-sectional study of the filarial and Leishmania co-endemicity in two ecologically distinct settings in Mali.Parasites & vectors · 2018Article
- Assessment of a Leishmaniasis Reporting System in Tropical Bolivia Using the Capture-Recapture Method.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2018Article
- Risk factors for cutaneous leishmaniasis in the rainforest of Bolivia: a cross-sectional study.Tropical medicine and health · 2018Article
- Human cellular and humoral immune responses to Phlebotomus papatasi salivary gland antigens in endemic areas differing in prevalence of Leishmania major infection.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2017Article
- Prevalence of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Districts of High and Low Endemicity in Mali.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2016Article
- Diversity of Sand Flies (Diptera: Psychodidae: Phlebotominae) in Two Different Eco-Climatic and Endemic Zones of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Mali, West Africa.Journal of medical entomology · 2016Article
- Effect of the Syrian Civil War on Prevalence of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Southeastern Anatolia, Turkey.Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research · 2015Article
- Prevalence and determinants of Leishmania major infection in emerging and old foci in Tunisia.Parasites & vectors · 2014Article
- Leishmania major, the predominant Leishmania species responsible for cutaneous leishmaniasis in Mali.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2013Article
- Delayed-type hypersensitivity to sand fly saliva in humans from a leishmaniasis-endemic area of Mali is Th1-mediated and persists to midlife.The Journal of investigative dermatology · 2013Article
- Seasonality and prevalence of Leishmania major infection in Phlebotomus duboscqi Neveu-Lemaire from two neighboring villages in central Mali.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2011Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
18 authors.
Funding
Abstract
unlabelledApart from a single report, the last publication of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) in Mali dates back more than 20 years. The absence of information on the current status of CL in Mali led us to conduct a cohort study in Kemena and Sougoula, two villages in Central Mali from which cases of CL have been recently diagnosed by Mali's reference dermatology center in Bamako. In May 2006, we determined the baseline prevalence of Leishmania infection in the two villages using the leishmanin skin test (LST). LST-negative individuals were then re-tested over two consecutive years to estimate the annual incidence of Leishmania infection. The prevalence of Leishmania infection was significantly higher in Kemena than in Sougoula (45.4% vs. 19.9%; OR: 3.36, CI: 2.66-4.18). The annual incidence of Leishmania infection was also significantly higher in Kemena (18.5% and 17% for 2007 and 2008, respectively) than in Sougoula (5.7% for both years). These data demonstrate that the risk of Leishmania infection was stable in both villages and confirm the initial observation of a significantly higher risk of infection in Kemena (OR: 3.78; CI: 2.45-6.18 in 2007; and OR: 3.36; CI: 1.95-5.8 in 2008; P<0.005). The absence of spatial clustering of LST-positive individuals in both villages indicated that transmission may be occurring anywhere within the villages. Although Kemena and Sougoula are only 5 km apart and share epidemiologic characteristics such as stable transmission and random distribution of LST-positive individuals, they differ markedly in the prevalence and annual incidence of Leishmania infection. Here we establish ongoing transmission of Leishmania in Kemena and Sougoula, Central Mali, and are currently investigating the underlying factors that may be responsible for the discrepant infection rates we observed between them.
trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov NCT00344084.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.