ArticleAmerican journal of reproductive immunology (New York, N.Y. : 1989)2010
Female genital tract secretions inhibit herpes simplex virus infection: correlation with soluble mucosal immune mediators and impact of hormonal contraception.
Article in American journal of reproductive immunology (New York, N.Y. : 1989), 2010. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 41 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
41 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Changes in concentrations of cervicovaginal immune mediators across the menstrual cycle: a systematic review and meta-analysis of individual patient data.BMC medicine · 2022Pooled it
- Comparison of Follicular and Luteal Phase Mucosal Markers of HIV Susceptibility in Healthy Women.AIDS research and human retroviruses · 2016Trial
- Trial
- Beyond the Barrier: Epithelial Cells as Immune Sentinels in the Female Genital Tract.American journal of reproductive immunology (New York, N.Y. : 1989) · 2026Review
- Cervicovaginal Secretions in Young Women With Bacterial Vaginosis Enhance HIV Infection.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Defensins: defenders of human reproductive health.Human reproduction update · 2023Review
- Mutual Preservation: A Review of Interactions Between Cervicovaginal Mucus and Microbiota.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2021Review
- Antiviral Activities of Human Host Defense Peptides.Current medicinal chemistry · 2020Review
- Impact of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 and Human Immunodeficiency Virus Dual Infection on Female Genital Tract Mucosal Immunity and the Vaginal Microbiome.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2019Article
- Impact of reproductive aging on the vaginal microbiome and soluble immune mediators in women living with and at-risk for HIV infection.PloS one · 2019Article
- IL-36γ induces a transient HSV-2 resistant environment that protects against genital disease and pathogenesis.Cytokine · 2018Article
- The relationship between sex hormones, the vaginal microbiome and immunity in HIV-1 susceptibility in women.Disease models & mechanisms · 2018Review
- Role of Lactobacilli and Lactoferrin in the Mucosal Cervicovaginal Defense.Frontiers in immunology · 2018Review
- The impact of pregnancy on anti-HIV activity of cervicovaginal secretions.American journal of obstetrics and gynecology · 2016Article
- Longitudinal Assessment of Systemic and Genital Tract Inflammatory Markers and Endogenous Genital Tract E. coli Inhibitory Activity in HIV-Infected and Uninfected Women.American journal of reproductive immunology (New York, N.Y. : 1989) · 2016Article
- Loss of Innate Host Defense Following Unprotected Vaginal Sex.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2016Article
- Bacterial Vaginosis and Subclinical Markers of Genital Tract Inflammation and Mucosal Immunity.AIDS research and human retroviruses · 2015Article
- The effect of menopause on the innate antiviral activity of cervicovaginal lavage.American journal of obstetrics and gynecology · 2015Article
- Article
- Herpes simplex virus 2 infection: molecular association with HIV and novel microbicides to prevent disease.Medical microbiology and immunology · 2015Review
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issuedDosage error in article text
Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
Abstract
problemFemale genital tract secretions inhibit herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection, however, the intra- and inter-subject variability, contribution of specific mediators, and impact of reproductive hormones have not been defined.
methodof study Cervicovaginal lavage (CVL) (n = 89) obtained from nine cyclers and seven women on hormonal contraception (HC), who completed between three and eight weekly visits, were examined for anti-herpes simplex virus activity and concentrations of mediators.
resultsThe CVL inhibited HSV infection by a mean value of approximately 57% during the follicular or luteal phase, but only by 36% in hormonal contraceptive users. Human neutrophil peptides 1-3 (HNP1-3) (P = 0.03), IL-8 (P = 0.003), lactoferrin (P = 0.005), lysozyme (P = 0.003), IgA (P = 0.002), and IgG (P = 0.02) correlated with antiviral activity. Intra-subject and inter-subject variability was observed, suggesting that factors other than hormones contribute to innate defense.
conclusionEndogenous antimicrobial activity may provide a biomarker of healthy mucosal immunity and may be reduced in the setting of HC. However, larger prospective studies are needed.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.