ArticleJournal of thrombosis and haemostasis : JTH2009
Socioeconomic inequalities in coronary heart disease risk in older age: contribution of established and novel coronary risk factors.
Article in Journal of thrombosis and haemostasis : JTH, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed.
- Effectiveness of a telephone delivered and a face-to-face delivered counseling intervention for smoking cessation in patients with coronary heart disease: a 6-month follow-up.Journal of behavioral medicine · 2014Trial
- Effectiveness of two intensive treatment methods for smoking cessation and relapse prevention in patients with coronary heart disease: study protocol and baseline description.BMC cardiovascular disorders · 2012Trial
- Cardiovascular Disease and Mental Distress Among Ethnic Groups in Kyrgyzstan.Frontiers in public health · 2021Article
- Community-level socioeconomic inequality in the incidence of ischemic heart disease: a nationwide cohort study.BMC cardiovascular disorders · 2020Article
- Unequal Exposure or Unequal Vulnerability? Contributions of Neighborhood Conditions and Cardiovascular Risk Factors to Socioeconomic Inequality in Incident Cardiovascular Disease in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis.American journal of epidemiology · 2018Article
- The association between education and cardiovascular disease incidence is mediated by hypertension, diabetes, and body mass index.Scientific reports · 2017Article
- High intensity smoking cessation interventions: Cardiac patients of low socioeconomic status and low intention to quit profit most.Netherlands heart journal : monthly journal of the Netherlands Society of Cardiology and the Netherlands Heart Foundation · 2017Article
- Socioeconomic variation in incidence of primary and secondary major cardiovascular disease events: an Australian population-based prospective cohort study.International journal for equity in health · 2016Article
- Post-menopausal Women Exhibit Greater Interleukin-6 Responses to Mental Stress Than Older Men.Annals of behavioral medicine : a publication of the Society of Behavioral Medicine · 2016Article
- The influence of neighbourhood-level socioeconomic deprivation on cardiovascular disease mortality in older age: longitudinal multilevel analyses from a cohort of older British men.Journal of epidemiology and community health · 2015Article
- Novel coronary heart disease risk factors at 60-64 years and life course socioeconomic position: the 1946 British birth cohort.Atherosclerosis · 2015Article
- Quantifying the contributions of behavioral and biological risk factors to socioeconomic disparities in coronary heart disease incidence: the MORGEN study.European journal of epidemiology · 2013Article
- To what extent do biomarkers account for the large social disparities in health in Moscow?Social science & medicine (1982) · 2013Article
- Neighbourhood socioeconomic inequalities in incidence of acute myocardial infarction: a cohort study quantifying age- and gender-specific differences in relative and absolute terms.BMC public health · 2012Article
- Do biological measures mediate the relationship between education and health: A comparative study.Social science & medicine (1982) · 2011Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundEvidence on socioeconomic inequalities in coronary heart disease (CHD) and their pathways in the elderly is limited. Little is also known about the contributions that novel coronary risk factors (particularly inflammatory/hemostatic markers) make to socioeconomic inequalities in CHD.
objectivesTo examine the extent of socioeconomic inequalities in CHD in older age, and the contributions (relative and absolute) of established and novel coronary risk factors.
methodsA population-based cohort of 3761 British men aged 60-79 years was followed up for 6.5 years for CHD mortality and incidence (fatal and non-fatal). Social class was based on longest-held occupation recorded at 40-59 years.
resultsThere was a graded relationship between social class and CHD incidence. The hazard ratio for CHD incidence comparing social class V (unskilled workers) with social class I (professionals) was 2.70 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.37-5.35; P-value for trend = 0.008]. This was reduced to 2.14 (95% CI 1.06-4.33; P-value for trend = 0.11) after adjustment for behavioral factors (cigarette smoking, physical activity, body mass index, and alcohol consumption), which explained 38% of the relative risk gradient (41% of absolute risk). Additional adjustment for inflammatory markers (C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, and von Willebrand factor) explained 55% of the relative risk gradient (59% of absolute risk). Blood pressure and lipids made little difference to these estimates; results were similar for CHD mortality.
conclusionsSocioeconomic inequalities in CHD persist in the elderly and are at least partly explained by behavioral risk factors; novel (inflammatory) coronary risk markers made some further contribution. Reducing inequalities in behavioral factors (especially cigarette smoking) could reduce these social inequalities by at least one-third.
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