ArticleInternational journal of cancer2010
Lack of HLA class II antigen expression in microsatellite unstable colorectal carcinomas is caused by mutations in HLA class II regulatory genes.
Article in International journal of cancer, 2010. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 42 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
42 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 64 citations in OpenAlex.
- Cross-cancer pleiotropic analysis identifies three novel genetic risk loci for colorectal cancer.Human molecular genetics · 2023Pooled it
- Biological mechanism and immune response of MHC-II expression in tumor cells.Cancer biology & medicine · 2025Review
- Article
- Tumor-specific MHC-II guides anthracycline exemption and immunotherapy benefit in breast cancer.Biomarker research · 2025Article
- Epidemiology, pathogenesis, biology and evolving management of MSI-H/dMMR cancers.Nature reviews. Clinical oncology · 2025Review
- RFX5 promotes the progression of triple-negative breast cancer through transcriptional activation of JAG1.Human cell · 2025Article
- Target therapy of TIGIT; a novel approach of immunotherapy for the treatment of colorectal cancer.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2025Review
- Genomic instability as a driver and suppressor of anti-tumor immunity.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Serendipity Strikes: How Pursuing Novel Hypotheses Shifted the Paradigm Regarding the Genetic Basis of Colorectal Cancer and Changed Cancer Therapy.Digestive diseases and sciences · 2023Article
- MHC Class II is Induced by IFNγ and Follows Three Distinct Patterns of Expression in Colorectal Cancer Organoids.Cancer research communications · 2023Article
- Review
- CD4BMB reports · 2023Article
- Identification of functional gene modules by integrating multi-omics data and known molecular interactions.Frontiers in genetics · 2023Article
- Integration of miRNA:mRNA Co-Expression Revealed Crucial Mechanisms Modulated in Immunogenic Cancer Cell Death.Biomedicines · 2022Article
- Regulation of the antigen presentation machinery in cancer and its implication for immune surveillance.Biochemical Society transactions · 2022Review
- CD74 and HLA-DRA in Cervical Carcinogenesis: Potential Targets for Antitumour Therapy.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2022Article
- Distinct Molecular Mechanisms of Altered HLA Class II Expression in Malignant Melanoma.Cancers · 2021Article
- Microsatellite Instability in Colorectal Cancers: Carcinogenesis, Neo-Antigens, Immuno-Resistance and Emerging Therapies.Cancers · 2021Review
- Challenges of Neoantigen Targeting in Lynch Syndrome and Constitutional Mismatch Repair Deficiency Syndrome.Cancers · 2021Review
- HLA class I loss in colorectal cancer: implications for immune escape and immunotherapy.Cellular & molecular immunology · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 6 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Colorectal cancers (CRCs) develop on the basis of a deficient DNA mismatch repair (MMR) system in about 15% of cases. MMR-deficient CRC lesions show high-level microsatellite instability (MSI-H) and accumulate numerous mutations located at coding microsatellite loci that lead to the generation of immunogenic neopeptides. Consequently, the host's antitumoral immune response is of high importance for the course of the disease in MSI-H CRC patients. Accordingly, immune evasion mediated by impairment of HLA class I antigen presentation is frequently observed in these cancers. In this study, we aimed at a systematic analysis of alterations affecting HLA class II antigen expression in MSI-H CRC. HLA class II antigens are expressed by only two-thirds of MSI-H CRCs. The mechanisms underlying the lack of HLA class II antigens in a subset of MSI-H CRCs remain unknown. We here screened HLA class II regulatory genes for the presence of coding microsatellites and identified mutations of the essential regulator genes RFX5 in 9 (26.9%) out of 34 and CIITA in 1 (2.9%) out of 34 MSI-H CRCs. RFX5 mutations were related to lack of or faint HLA class II antigen expression (p = 0.006, Fisher's exact test). Transfection with wild-type RFX5 was sufficient to restore interferon gamma-inducible HLA class II antigen expression in the RFX5-mutant cell line HDC108. We conclude that somatic mutations of the RFX5 gene represent a novel mechanism of loss of HLA class II antigen expression in tumor cells, potentially contributing to immune evasion in MSI-H CRCs.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.