ArticlePsychopharmacology2010
Modulation of prepulse inhibition through both M(1) and M (4) muscarinic receptors in mice.
Article in Psychopharmacology, 2010. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 47 citations in OpenAlex.
- Canonical and Non-Canonical Antipsychotics' Dopamine-Related Mechanisms of Present and Next Generation Molecules: A Systematic Review on Translational Highlights for Treatment Response and Treatment-Resistant Schizophrenia.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Pooled it
- M1 receptor modulator VU0364572 attenuates cortico-thalamo-striatal transmission and facilitates cocaine CPP extinction.Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS · 2026Article
- Towards Mechanism-Informed Treatments for Mental Health.Journal of neurochemistry · 2026Review
- Selective modulation of murine intestinal MAmerican journal of physiology. Cell physiology · 2026Article
- A golden age of muscarinic acetylcholine receptor modulation in neurological diseases.Nature reviews. Drug discovery · 2024Review
- Co-stimulation of muscarinic M1 and M4 acetylcholine receptors prevents later cocaine reinforcement in male and female mice, but not place-conditioning.Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry · 2024Article
- Potential of olfactory neuroepithelial cells as a model to study schizophrenia: A focus on GPCRs (Review).International journal of molecular medicine · 2024Review
- Emerging trends in antipsychotic and antidepressant drug development: Targeting nonmonoamine receptors and innovative mechanisms.PCN reports : psychiatry and clinical neurosciences · 2023Review
- Sprague Dawley rats from different vendors vary in the modulation of prepulse inhibition of startle (PPI) by dopamine, acetylcholine, and glutamate drugs.Psychopharmacology · 2023Article
- High-Frequency Neuronal Oscillatory Abnormalities in the Phospholipase C-β1 Knockout Mouse Model of Schizophrenia.The international journal of neuropsychopharmacology · 2019Article
- Positive allosteric modulation of MNeuropharmacology · 2018Review
- Physiological roles of CNS muscarinic receptors gained from knockout mice.Neuropharmacology · 2018Review
- Effects of muscarinic MPsychopharmacology · 2018Article
- Effects of muscarinic receptor antagonists on cocaine discrimination in wild-type mice and in muscarinic receptor MBehavioural brain research · 2017Article
- Effects of dopamine D1-like and D2-like antagonists on cocaine discrimination in muscarinic receptor knockout mice.European journal of pharmacology · 2016Article
- Antipsychotic-like effect of the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor agonist BuTAC in non-human primates.PloS one · 2015Article
- Acute and chronic effects of the M1/M4-preferring muscarinic agonist xanomeline on cocaine vs. food choice in rats.Psychopharmacology · 2014Article
- The muscarinic acetylcholine receptor agonist BuTAC mediates antipsychotic-like effects via the M4 subtype.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2013Article
- M4 muscarinic receptor knockout mice display abnormal social behavior and decreased prepulse inhibition.Molecular brain · 2012Article
- Genetic reduction of muscarinic M4 receptor modulates analgesic response and acoustic startle response in a mouse model of fragile X syndrome (FXS).Behavioural brain research · 2012Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
rationaleMuscarinic cholinergic M(1) and M(4) receptors may participate in schizophrenia's etiology and have been proposed as targets for antipsychotic medications.
objectiveHere, we investigated the involvement of these receptors in behavioral measures pertinent to schizophrenia using knockout mice lacking M(1) receptors (M(1)-/-), M(4) receptors (M(4)-/-), or both (M(1)-/-M(4)-/-).
methodsWe measured prepulse inhibition (PPI) of startle without drugs and after treatment with scopolamine (0.32-1.8 mg/kg), xanomeline (3.2 mg/kg), oxotremorine (0.032-0.1 mg/kg), clozapine (1.0-5.6 mg/kg), or haloperidol (0.32-3.2 mg/kg).
resultsIn female (but not male) mice, combined deletion of both M(1) and M(4) receptors decreased PPI relative to wild-type mice, while knockout of either receptor alone had no significant effect. Scopolamine disrupted PPI in wild-type and M(4)-/- mice, but not in female M(1)-/-M(4)-/- or female M(1)-/- mice. When administered before scopolamine, xanomeline restored PPI in wild-type mice and M(1)-/- mice, but not in M(4)-/- mice. In contrast, pretreatment with oxotremorine increased PPI regardless of genotype. Effects of clozapine and haloperidol on PPI were not hindered by either mutation.
conclusionsDeletion of both M(1) and M(4) receptors can disrupt PPI, suggesting that (at least partially redundant) M(1) and M(4) receptor-dependent functions are involved in sensorimotor gating mechanisms. PPI-disrupting effects of muscarinic antagonists appeared dependent upon M(1) receptor blockade. Our data also suggest that xanomeline exerts antipsychotic-like effects mainly through M(4) receptor stimulation, while stimulation of non-M(1)/M(4) subtypes may also have antipsychotic potential. Finally, our results do not support a role of M(1)/M(4) receptors in mediating antipsychotic-like effects of clozapine.
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