ArticleNaunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology2010
Metformin increases phagocytosis and acidifies lysosomal/endosomal compartments in AMPK-dependent manner in rat primary microglia.
Article in Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology, 2010. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It has been retracted, and should not be counted. Cited by 34 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
34 citing papers in PubMed, 51 citations in OpenAlex.
- Metformin promotes mitochondrial integrity through AMPK-signaling in Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy.FEBS open bio · 2026Article
- Targeting mitofusin 1-mediated mitochondrial dynamics to suppress neuroinflammation and pyroptosis after traumatic brain injury.Burns & trauma · 2026Article
- Metformin promotes PEN2 expression to attenuate microglia-mediated neurotoxicity induced by HIV-1 Tat.Journal of neurovirology · 2025Article
- Review
- Microglial phagocytosis and regulatory mechanisms after stroke.Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism : official journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism · 2022Article
- A model of metformin mitochondrial metabolism in metachromatic leukodystrophy: first description of human Schwann cells transfected with CRISPR-Cas9.Open biology · 2022Article
- Erythrophagocytosis by Microglia/Macrophage in Intracerebral Hemorrhage: From Mechanisms to Translation.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2022Review
- Macroautophagy and Mitophagy in Neurodegenerative Disorders: Focus on Therapeutic Interventions.Biomedicines · 2021Review
- Metformin inhibition of mitochondrial ATP and DNA synthesis abrogates NLRP3 inflammasome activation and pulmonary inflammation.Immunity · 2021Article
- Metformin attenuates plaque-associated tau pathology and reduces amyloid-β burden in APP/PS1 mice.Alzheimer's research & therapy · 2021Article
- Endothelial Senescence and Chronic Fatigue Syndrome, a COVID-19 Based Hypothesis.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2021Article
- Host Immune-Metabolic Adaptations Upon Mycobacterial Infections and Associated Co-Morbidities.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Review
- Metformin Protects From Rotenone-Induced Nigrostriatal Neuronal Death in Adult Mice by Activating AMPK-FOXO3 Signaling and Mitigation of Angiogenesis.Frontiers in molecular neuroscience · 2020Article
- Metformin Alters Human Host Responses to Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Healthy Subjects.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2019Article
- Metformin reduces the relapse rate of tuberculosis patients with diabetes mellitus: experiences from 3-year follow-up.European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology · 2018Article
- Divergent Effects of Metformin on an Inflammatory Model of Parkinson's Disease.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2018Article
- Dendrobium nobile Lindl. Alkaloids Decreases the Level of Intracellular β-Amyloid by Improving Impaired Autolysosomal Proteolysis in APP/PS1 Mice.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2018Article
- Metformin treatment after the hypoxia-ischemia attenuates brain injury in newborn rats.Oncotarget · 2017Article
- Metformin: Candidate host-directed therapy for tuberculosis in diabetes and non-diabetes patients.Tuberculosis (Edinburgh, Scotland) · 2016Review
- Knockdown of GSK3β increases basal autophagy and AMPK signalling in nutrient-laden human aortic endothelial cells.Bioscience reports · 2016Article
Corrections and comments
- Correction · 2017-02-04Error in Image · Unreliable Image ·
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Recent evidence suggests that metformin shows beneficial effects in experimental models of neuroinflammatory diseases. The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of metformin on phagocytosis and acidification of lysosomal/endosomal compartments in rat primary microglia in the presence of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and/or beta-peptides (25-35), (1-40), and (1-42). Metformin increased the phagocytosis of fluorescent microspheres in the presence or absence of all the beta-peptides. However, the drug had no effect on the phagocytosis in LPS-stimulated microglia regardless of the presence of all the beta-peptides. Metformin acidified the lysosomal/endosomal compartments in the presence or absence of the beta-peptide 1-40 in both resting and activated microglia. To elucidate the mechanism of metformin action, we used 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-D-ribofuranoside as an activator of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and compound C as a confirmed pharmacological inhibitor of AMPK. We have shown that metformin increased AMPK activity in microglial cells and that all observed effects are AMPK-dependent because the pretreatment of microglia with compound C reversed the effects of the drug. Since degradation of proteins in lysosomal/endosomal compartments depends largely on their phagocytosis and acidification, metformin may be beneficial in proteinopathies affecting the brain.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.